Illegal Immigration And The United States - 1486 Words

Illegal immigration has been an issue in the United States for a long time so the issues that come with it should not be a surprise. America was established on the basis of newcomers settling here from abroad. Recently though, thousands of illegal immigrants have come into the U.S. through either the Mexico border, the Pacific Ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico which has created a new an unanticipated issue for the U.S., in the past immigrants came from Europe and passed through the Ellis Island station in New York. Some people can enter the country legally through a visit visa, but then have continued to stay here illegally working the U.S., usually for the better benefits and higher pay. These cases are usually not the cause of the issues.†¦show more content†¦Every year, over 275,000 immigrants travel across the 2,500 miles of U.S. border with Mexico, mainly into Texas, California, and Arizona. The United States currently has anywhere from 7 to 12 million illegal immigrants wor king and living here, over half of these immigrants are from Mexico. Births account for 63% of the 11.2 million increase in the U.S. population between 2000 and 2010. One in four of the nation s children is Latino and are poorer, less-educated, less likely to be fluent in English, and less likely to be naturalized citizens. As of 2010, 37.3% of Latino children were living in poverty, more than children of any other racial or ethnic group. This is the first time in U.S. history that the single largest group of poor children is not Caucasian. These illegal families can, and most of them do, help themselves to American jobs, education, welfare, and unemployment compensation. Fifty percent of Hispanic households use some form of welfare, the highest rate of any major population group. Therefore, the continued inflow of several hundred thousand illegal immigrants annually compounds and stresses the nation’s economic problems at a time when the percentage of Americans living below the poverty line has reached the highest level since 1993. Some Americans think immigration from Mexico should be stopped completely and guard should be enforced across the entire border. Steps have

The Effectiveness of UK Youth Parliament Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Projects to be implemented in the coming years are also formulated (UKYP, 2001). The manifesto is then implemented and followed in the coming year. UK Youth Parliament has launched many projects for the well being of youth. These include: Safe space, Start young for a sustainable future, MWH UKYP awards and the BT Seen and heard awards (UKYP, 2001). The safe space project encourages the youth to discuss terrorism and extreme violence at a safe platform while the Sustaining project motivates the youth to think about the issues of sustainability faced by the planet they live on. The other two projects are for the encouragement and motivation of young volunteers to participate in community-based projects for the well being of society (UKYP, 2001). UKYP also conducts numerous debate sessions regarding the issues pertaining to the youth. The members of UKYP interact with the youth throughout the year and come up with their problems in the annual sitting and the solutions to these proble ms are then sought (A review of UKYP, 2004). A quarterly magazine is issued by the UKYP by the title of Debatable .We will write a custom essay sample on The Effectiveness of UK Youth Parliament or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Review Of Breast Size Health And Social Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3787 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 2.1 Definition of large breast women There is no united definition of the large breast size in the entire brassiere industry as well as in medicine. Many misconceptions appear that whoever looks fat likewise have large breasts. And some may define it as E cup or above due to the difficulties in purchasing bra in the recent market or grading the contour cup shape. Indeed, plus size usually refer to large chest women who may not really look fat. 2.1.1 Medical standard In medicine, there are many different standards on large breast size. KL.Dundas from The Royal Australian and New Zealand of Radiologists (2007) defined that large breast size can be divided into two categories: the bra size and the cup size. The bra size is the component size of chest-wall and the cup size is referred to the mammary gland components. Women who have cup size D or above or bra size 18 or above can be classified as plus size. Another study about the relationship between the respiratory and measurement method and the bra size calculation (Mcghee, D.E. Steele, J.R., 2006) involved subjects of large breast women. They indicated those with cup size C or above as large breast women. In other research of medical scanning, Indra. J. Das (2006) also defined large breast Japan women whose distance of chest-wall were greater than 22 cm. It can be seen that there is no united standard of the large breast size among the medicine. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Review Of Breast Size Health And Social Care" essay for you Create order 2.1.2 Market Standard People nowadays tend to have bigger cup size than before. Therefore, the plus size market is growing rapidly among the popular lingerie brands recently. Wacoal Hong Kong Company limited (2008) once launched a line mainly for large breast size women named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“WACOAL Queen Sizeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Cup size from C to I, which means having 15 cm up to 30 cm difference between upper bust girth and lower bust girth, and band size up to 120 cm or 52 inch are available. For the reason of simplicity, cup size of C or above with shoulder pain problem would be categorized as large breast women in this study even though it is not really the market standard and the common practice in the lingerie industry. 2.2 Problems faced by large breast women Many women envy those who have large breasts since they think it is a symbol of sexy appeal. Many even undergo breast augmentation to enhance their bodies with silicone and saline implants (2010). However, it may not be the same feeling for the women who carry the heavy breasts around. The large breasts may trigger multiple problems like physical problems and psychological problems (Dave, 2009). These may affect our daily life or even our social life. 2.2.1 Physical problems Plenty of health websites and journals claimed that the weak chest tissue could easily be over stretched by the excessive weight of the large breasts and as a result causing a lot of problems like upper and lower back pain as well as shoulder pain. Sheer gravity was the main reason causing shoulder pain problem. The heavy breasts makes the shoulders have to work extra hard to keep the back spine straight from being pulled down by them (Ardian, 2010). The arching action also add lots of load to the acromion (Figure 2.1), which is the highest point of shoulder and one of the most sensitive parts of the body (Carol, 2002). Pain feeling would rise and the dark red marks would be left on the shoulder because of the excessive load from the breast and the tighten bra straps after period of time (Toni, 2008). Besides, there are many blood vessels and nerves like Brachial plexus located underneath the skin which are extremely sensitive to pressure and pain feeling. They are the nerve fibres that serve sensation and motor function in the shoulders, arms, and hands travel to and from the spinal cord in the neck (Carol, 2002). So, the wearer had fatigue and pain feeling easily when there is an excessive load applied on the shoulder. Sometimes, the wearers may even have upper arm pain additionally. Due to the shoulder pain as well as the arm pain feeling, exercise is not an easy task for busty women. Because their breasts would be all bouncy when they move and this may cause pain as the muscles around the breasts area are being consistently pulled during the sport activity (Carla Ardian, 2010). IMAG0103.jpg Figure 2.1 The acromion Source: Carol A. Oatis. (2002), Kinesiology the mechanics pathomechanics of human movement, pp. 123 2.2.2 Psychological problems Apart from the physically pain, large breast also accrue to women with emotional problems. Many women dislike their large breasts because they make them look fatter. It is harder for them to find some pretty clothes. Even worse, the patterns on the top would become deformed and as a result make them feel frustrated. These would prevent them from enjoying a higher quality of life (Dave, 2009). Therefore, this is not surprised that their self image drops dramatically because of all these factors. To improve the situation, some may even take the breast reduction surgery. According to the American Society of plastic Surgeonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2007 nation plastic surgery statistics, over 100000 women had taken the breast reduction surgery in 2007. And there were 25% growth when compared with the same survey last year (Toni, 2008). Base on the above physical and mental problems, the objective of this study is to look into the possibility of distribute or minimize the pain feeling caus ed by excessive pressure load from the shoulder straps. 2.3 Current plus size bra market practice Many plus size bras are available in the existing market. They are specially designed in terms of comfort and support for women with large breasts. Besides, some accessories could be found as auxiliaries for minimizing the pressure and pain feeling. https://www.biggerbras.com/productpics3/large/AVI/aviana-plus-size-underwire-minimizer-bra-2457.jpg Figure 2.2 An example of plus size bra Source: https://blog.biggerbras.com/?tag=best-plus-size-minimizer-bra 2.3.1 Special design of bra cup Plus size bra always appears as full cup with higher neckline to cover the entire breast. The full cup is designed to give more support for the breasts to help keep the shape and fullness of the breast. Most of them are thin padded cup with wire and inner sling for minimizing the movement of the breasts. Full cup bras are ideal for larger breast sizes and pregnant women as less support can lead to a slight sagging of the breasts and back pains (My Fine Lingerie, 2010). https://www.biggerbras.com/productpics3/large/AVI/aviana-plus-size-seamless-minimizer-underwire-bra-2460.jpg Figure 2.3 An example of full cup bra with higher neckline Source: https://www.biggerbras.com/productpics3/large/AVI/aviana-plus-size-seamless-minimizer-underwire-bra-2460.jpg 2.3.2 Special design of wings Wider wings with side bones are another features of plus size bra. They are used to keep the bra firmly in place and help to limit the breast movement. Hooks and eyes are available at the end of the wings for adjustments. Appropriate tension can be applied to the wearer so as to fit well with a secure frame for breast support. https://media.redcatsusa.com/is/image/womanwithin/mm/0027_76453_mm.jpg?wid=230qlt=95op_sharpen=1 Figure 2.4 Wider wing with hooks and eyes Source: https://media.redcatsusa.com/is/image/womanwithin/mm/0027_76453_mm.jpg?wid=230qlt=95op_sharpen=1 2.3.3 Special design of shoulder straps The average breast weight of adult women was around 200g without any pregnancy and lactation. The pregnancy women could have breasts weight from 400g to 600g and up to 800g in lactation. D cup size or above plus size women could have the breasts weight same as the pregnancy and lactation women (Laurence D.J, 1991). Therefore, the straps of plus size bra should be wide enough to allow better distribution of force. Mostly, the widths of them are more than 10mm. Some straps for plus size bra may even reach 19mm or more. It should contain minimal elasticity and good recovery at the same time as well. Sometimes, the front part of the straps appears as rigid to limit the breast movement. Also, the tension of shoulder straps should fit different body lengths by using strap material with proper power and elasticity or applying adjusters. If there are not enough adjustments of the shoulder straps, the required lift-up function cannot be provided if it is too loose, or cause fatigue and pain if it is too tight (Zhou Jie, 2010). Besides, padded or cushion straps are other designs for easing the neck and shoulder pain. https://www.comparestoreprices.co.uk/images/na/natori-underwire-sport-bra.jpg Figure 2.5 Wider and padded shoulder strap Source: https://www.comparestoreprices.co.uk/images/na/natori-underwire-sport-bra.jpg 2.3.4 Accessories One of the examples of accessories for minimizing the shoulder pain and discomfort is the shoulder pad. It is common in the U.S., U.K. or Europe, but it is not easy to find in Asian countries, especially in Hong Kong since lingerie brands mainly target on the small size. There are various kinds of shoulder strap pads with some designed in small size in foam material or gel pad to provide shock absorb effect and some designed in a hand- size big. The big pad is specially designed for post surgery women like mastectomy, chemotherapy and pacemaker implantation. The product shown in figure 2.5 and 2.6 were the attachable shoulder strap foam pad and silicone pad respectively which could provid the free movement along the shoulder straps. They could be the extra supporter placing under the straps for easing shoulder pain. However, the thickness of the shoulder pad could easily show though the outerwear, an innovation from the online shop called covered shoulder pad shown in figure 2.7 can help this. It is a pad with a channel in between for placing shoulder straps as well as providing a smooth shoulder contour with its finely tapered edges. https://www.independence.ltd.uk/userimages/3931%20Bra%20Strap%20Pad%202.jpg?rand=1219843165 Figure 2.6 An example of shoulder strap foam pad Source: https://www.independence.ltd.uk/userimages/3931%20Bra%20Strap%20Pad%202.jpg?rand=1219843165 https://www.ecrobot.com:81/offer/02_OutputOfferImage.php?n=10779926174548427985743820946206 Figure 2.7 A shoulder silicone pad Source: https://www.ecrobot.com:81/offer/02_OutputOfferImage.php?n=10779926174548427985743820946206 https://images.herroom.com/items/braza-brz001-2100-gs.jpgFlip Flap Satin Covered Shoulder Pads Figure 2.8 Covered shoulder pad Source: https://www.herroom.com/braza-2100-flip-flap-satin-covered-shoulder-pads.shtml 2.4 The mechanism of shock absorb According to a research done by Zhou Jie (2010), when the human body collides with the ground, impact forces develop. With each foot strike during walking or running, the shock wave would transmitted throughout the body and ultimately reach the head. The shock attenuation is brought by the shock absorbers in the human body such as joint positioning, muscle activity, synovial fluid, bone, and articular cartilage. Any forces that are not absorbed by the lower extremity will be transmitted up to the kinetic chain, which gives a force to breast and makes breast move. The movement of breasts results in pressure to the body. The applied load was 1.25 times of the body weight while walking. Shoulder pad provides a cushion effect to the wearer and it acts as a protector to reduce the pressure transmitted to the shoulder. Once there are compression force stroke on the cushion, the cushion was compressed and stored part of the strain energy. The cushion would become stiffness and thinner (Kevin, 1999). The strain energy stored inside the cushion would then be converted into heat energy and dissipated by the air. When the compression load removed, the cushion would be recovered into its original shape called energy return (Pi, et al., 2008). Because of the dissipation of part of the impact energy, the wearer would then feel lesser resilient force from the ground and superior comfort of relieving the shoulder pain. 2.5 Definition and functions of elastics Elastic is an essential component of lingerie. It is a narrow fabric which does not exceed 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in width and it can be classified as woven or knitted. Elastics have been widely used in textiles as well as lingerie like the upper and lower band of wings, shoulder straps and the opening of the briefs. This is all because it can position the garment, support the garment as well as create a finished edge or hem (Yip, 2010). 2.6 Shoulder straps Shoulder strap is the essential part of the whole bra (Click n Click, 2010). It is one of the narrow elastics which functions to support and control the movement of the breasts. The breast weight could act as a large load on the straps and in turn, excessive pressure on the shoulder of the wearers (Zhou Jie, 2010). Therefore, to provide more comfort to the wearer, shinny surface with matt back are always the appearance of the shoulder straps (Yip, 2010). 2.6.1 Constructions of shoulder straps There are two basic constructions for shoulder strap which are woven and crochet (knitted) elastics. For woven straps, it is the narrow woven fabric having stretch properties consisting of monofilament nylon yarns woven together (Thompson and Bick Harlequin, 1952). They have smoother, finer and flatter surface as well as being more supportive than knitted elastics. For knitted straps, they are always produced by interloping which means forming yarns into loops and intermeshing the loops into a structure (LAMB Knitting Machine Corporation, 2010). And most of them are warp knitted. Knitted straps have higher elongation compared to the woven straps. Small gaps would appear when stretched. Also, it is much cheaper in price (Yip, 2010). There are several areas that must be taken into considerations during the fabric construction: 1. Details of materials Types of filaments, number of counts and ends used in both warp and weft direction are recorded in a basic unit of fabric cons truction. 2. Details of fabric construction The arrangement of picks and ends are clearly recorded in a data sheet, specifying which types of nylon filaments and spandex used. 3. Production requirements Details of number of reed, picks per unit length, elongation and shrinkage requirements are also needed to be laid down for reference. 2.6.2 Product types There are two types of bra straps in turns of woven and knitted. Woven bra straps are available in 8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 27mm. Plus size bra tends to use wider shoulder straps to help the distribution of force. It is more shinny and smoother on the surface to provide a better appearance and matt with brushes at the back to provide a comfort feeling to the wearer. There are a variety of surface pattern like stripes, zig zags, checks, plain satin effects and Jacquard. Different types of edge can be found in the market, for examples, plain, picots, loops, frills, double loops, etc. For knitted bra straps, matt and shinny appearance are available in the market. Surface patterns like loops and curves can be found on them. Picots, loops and double loops are the common edge of the knitted straps. Although the support is not as good as the woven bra straps, it is relatively cheaper and has more different kind of fashion styles (Yip, 2010). woven.jpg Figure 2.9 Woven shoulder straps knitted straps.jpg Figure 2.10 Knitted shoulder straps 2.6.3 Materials used in shoulder straps A variety of materials were used in the construction of shoulder straps such as nylon, polyester, spandex or Lycra and metallic yarn. 90% of shoulder straps use nylon as nylon can be dyed more easily with lower temperature compare to polyester. For spandex, it can be stretched for many times and recover to its original length after load is removed. It is due to its special arrangements of the molecular structure (Yip, 2010). The structure consists of long chain molecules that take on the conformation of large random coils. These long chain structures show soft and flexible properties at room temperature. When stretched, they will deform or uncoil and return back to its original dimension after removing the force (Woods, 1987). Spandex usually wrapped around by nylon or polyester yarn and forms elastic by weaving. Sometimes, metallic yarns are used to provide a more attractive and shinny appearance (Yip, 2010). 2.6.4 Stretch and recovery of shoulder straps Stretch or elongation, recovery and modulus are three main considerations during construction of elastics. Both of them play the important roles in determining the supportive and comfortable level of a shoulder strap (Yip, 2010). 1. Elongation Elongation, combines with strength, indicates the ability of a yarn of fabric to absorb energy. (John Sons, 1977) Elongation means the percentage extension at the specified load. When objects are put under stress, they will stretch before breaking. If the stress is not great enough to break the object, the deformation is usually temporary and the objects original shape will return when the stress is removed. Knowing how shoulder straps will elongate is critical for designing a bra for large breast women which can ensure that they do not elongate so much that they no longer have enough strength to withstand the forces while elongated (Mark Kennan, 1999). To measure this, the original length of the shoulder strap sample should be subtrac ted by the length of the strap which under specified load first. And then the result would be divided by the original length of the strap. Lastly, it is to multiply the result by 100%. The final result would be the elongation of the strap. Below is the equation of elongation. Length under specified load original length X 100% Original length 2. Recovery Recovery means the percentage of the elastic that can be recovered when the load is released. After a load is released from a stress-strain test, some of the total deformation is recovered as elastic deformation (Mark Kennan, 1999). The higher the percentage states that the better the recovery a strap has. It is also very important to shoulder straps as they should keep a certain recovery rate say 85 % even after using repeatedly. To measure this, the elongated length of the straps should minus the recovered length and the original gauge length respectively. And then the former would be divided by the latter one. Lastly, the result should be multiplied by 100%. The final result would be the recovery of the shoulder strap. Below is the equation of it. ___Elongated length (in.) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Recovered length ___ X100% Elongated length (in.) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Original gauge length 3. Modulus Modulus means the amount of load (in lbs) needed to extend the elastics to 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. In another words, it is the ratio of pressure (stress) applied to a body to the resistance (strain) produced by the body. The higher the modulus, the larger the amount of load has to applied to extend the straps (Yip, 2010). This is another important consideration for the construction of strap since the modulus should not be too low as straps should have certain stiffness to support the breasts weight. Elongation, recovery and modulus are three very vital checking points before the shipment of each batch of shoulder straps. Therefore, control of them should be extremely careful within the set tole rance. Besides, different cup size bras should match with different shoulder straps with different level of elongation, recovery and modulus because of the comfort and support level provided. 2.7 Physical properties of spandex fibre Property spandex Natural rubber Other synthetic fibres Elongation at break (%) 500-800 500-900 0-40 Tensile strength 6-12 2-4 30-70 (break tenacity, g/tex) Thickness available (tex) 2-60 17 upwards 2 upwards Stress at 200% elongation (g/tex) 0.4-1 0.15-0.3 N.A. Melting point ËÅ ¡C ca250 150 140-250 Moisture regain (% at 21ËÅ ¡C, 65%RH) cal.0 0.2 0.2-5.0 Table 2.1 Physical properties of spandex fibre From the table, it can be seen that, although the nature rubber also has a high value of elongation at break, it is not suitable for making elastic fabric because of its low tensile strength and high value of thickness (Randall and Lee, 2002). 2.8 Innovative design of shoulder straps 2.9 Design frameworks In the overall product life cycle, before the product manufacturing, product development is very important as many ideas generate and integrate to form new products. There are many different frameworks for product development and design, but not all of them provide the specific ideas for functional apparel. Only DeJonge (1984) and Watkin (1988) provide the specific ideas in this aspect (Chan, 2001). 2.9.1 DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model DeJonge (1984) proposed a process for the development of functional occupational clothing that places importance on identifying user needs and analyzing user situations through systematic exploration. The full process guides the designer step-by-step from initial request to prototype completion and evaluation (Table 2.2). DeJonge provide a systematic model on design research and this helps designers a lot to determine the design specifications. This model provides a clear division between the development of design specification and the establishment of design criteria. It can clearly list out the important issues that designers should consider during the whole design process(Chan, 2001). DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design stage Description 1. Initial request made Define design problem 2. Design direction explored Find design directions 3. Design goals defined Define the goals for research 4. Research for specification developed Develop in-depth research to find design factors 5. Design criteria established Ranking and weighting design criteria 6. Prototype development Develop the prototype for the design according to the criteria made in the previous stage 7. Prototype evaluation Evaluate the prototype Table 2.2 DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design process 2.9.2 Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model Watkinsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ model (1988) adapts seven-step approach of design process that includes acceptance, analysis, definition, ideation, selection, implementation and evaluation. This model focuses more on the problem solving stages with a heavier weighting on the prototype implement part. Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s steps Descriptions 1. Acceptaance Get motivation and find reasons to devote time and effort to the design problem 2. Analysis Find out all aspects of design situation by learning and interviewing 3. Definition Determining the most essential elements by sifting through the mass of data and ideas collected in the previous stages 4. Ideation Generate ideas and creative things as many as possible 5. Selection Select the best idea 6. Implementation Take action and try out the best idea 7. Evaluation Analyzing what happened when action was taken Table 2.3 Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design process 2.9.3 Selection of design framework Although both Dejongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s models provide the specific ideas for development of functional apparel, the later one is more or less used for the teaching of design process (Chan, 2001). Among these frameworks, DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functional design process is generally accepted by clothing and textile researchers to be a landmark for the development of the design processes. It has also been used to guide research into the development of garment design criteria and prototype. Examples of previous research that have used the full or adaptations of DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s basic design framework are clothing for women with physical disabilities (Carroll, 2001), intimate apparel designs for women (Chan, 2001) and hospital clothing for neonates (Bergen et al.,1996). For the above reasons, this study was conducted to design and develop a set of new product of shoulder strap based on DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design framework. Details of the design process based on DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s framework are presented in Chapter 5. Current scientific knowledge and systematic design framework are necessary to guide scientific investigation of design and development of shoulder straps. 2.10 Summary and conclusion of literature review

Social Entrepreneurship - 1768 Words

Assess the importance of social entrepreneurship in the local context. 1.0 Definition of Social Entrepreneurship A social entrepreneur identifies and solves social problems on a large scale. Just as business entrepreneurs create and transform whole industries, social entrepreneurs act as the change agents for society, seizing opportunities others miss in order to improve systems, invent and disseminate new approaches and advance sustainable solutions that create social value. Unlike traditional business entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs primarily seek to generate social value rather than profits. And unlike the majority of non-profit organizations, their work is targeted not only towards immediate, small-scale effects, but sweeping,†¦show more content†¦4.0Fundings As the programs and projects of NGOs expand, the need for money to run their operations becomes all the more critical. NGOs have remained highly dependent on donor and external organizations such as UNDP, WHO, etc – in addition to some fundraising efforts from the private sector and general public. Funding for the majority of NGOs remains limited, as only a few have access to government grants. Financial weakness The majority of NGOs are not membership based, hence the opportunity to sustain core funding from membership contributions is lost to many. Other sources for sustainable financing are not yet fully explored, for example, long-term partnership with private sector (beyond fundraising), engagement in economic activities and social mobilization at community level. 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Furthermore, it aims to examine constraints that an independent investor, wanting to start-up a social enterprise, in New Zealand may encounter in the current environment, including funding optionsRead MoreThe Idea Of Social Entrepreneurship2201 Words   |  9 PagesOn the idea of social entrepreneurship The idea of social entrepreneurship implies diverse things to various individuals and analysts (Dees, 1998). One gathering of scientists alludes to social enterprise as not-revenue driven activities looking for option financing methodologies, or administration plans to make social worth (Austin, Stevenson, and Wei-Skiller, 2003; Boschee, 1998). A second gathering of analysts comprehends it as the socially mindful routine of business organizations occupied

Uniforms in Schools Dont Make Sense - 566 Words

Imagine you walk into school and everyone is wearing the same jeans,same striped scarf and the same hairstyle. Dont you want to stand out? Be yourself?Wentzville School District should not have uniforms but what’s happening now is that we are voting on uniforms and a dress code is getting stricker. We can’t show our shoulders, no tanks etc. People that are involved, the school administrators, teachers,students, parents. I think we shouldn’t have school uniforms because it doesn’t give us to be unique and our own style,it cost money some families can’t afford these things,you can still get bullied. One reason we shouldn’t have uniforms doesn’t give us to be unique and our own style, we would all have to wear the same thing.†It stops us from showing their unique side and expressing themselves in ways uniforms can’t.†(www.debate.ur/opinions/doesimposeing-school-uniforms-prevent-students-fromshowing-unique.) Being able to express yourself and dress the way you like is everything to me. I know I would be tempted to wear my cute clothes rather than my uniform. Gillian Sanford from Frontier Middle School said,†I don’t like going to school knowing that everyone is going to wear the same thing. I would also get tired of wearing the same thing everyday.† † Uniforms don’t give anyway to express yourself, it would take away one of the few things that students can choose in school.† says Justin Qualley from Frontier Middle School. Another reason why we shouldn’t haveShow MoreRelatedSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagesmany schools around the world enforce uniforms, requiring students to wear specific clothing. School uniforms, which was first established in 16th century England, are a topic of much debate in the public school system of the United States. Many people feel that uniforms reduce competition among students and bring a sense of unity in school. People who are against school uniforms think that they prevent students from expressing themselves and inhibits creativity. Many students dislike school uniformsRead MoreThe Orderly Key For Triumph932 Words   |  4 Pagesfor schools to implement a policy on school uniforms. Students aren’t as distracted by what the other classmates are or aren’t wearing, and they feel a sense of likeness as they are all wearing the same clothes. Uniforms improve order and discipline, self-esteem and self-respect, focusing the attention upon learning and away from such distractions as fashion competition and gang intimidation. Uniforms help to create unity and diversity by encouraging values of tolerance and respect. Uniforms allowRead MoreWhat s The Whole Point Of School Uniforms?801 Words   |  4 Pagesthe whole point of school uniforms? Do we really need to spend billions of dollars on them? Let’s express our style with the clothes and the colors we wear by getting rid of school uniforms! School uniforms make the school plain and we need to express our own style, make it colorful! School uniforms don’t change the way people act, and you can still bully others. Proponents say that school uniforms are an advantage on how to judge an intruder, but opponents say that school uniforms are a disadvantageRead MoreDebate on School Uniforms1191 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, most public schools are turning to something more casual and more acceptable to parents and students: khakis or jeans and knit shirts of varying colors. The latter appear to be more affordable too because they can be used outs ide of school. Many school districts that have implemented school uniforms have provided some sort of financial assistance for families that can not afford the extra expense. 2. Potential Benefits of School Uniforms • Decreasing violence and theft because of clothingRead MoreSchool Uniforms827 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Uniforms are a Waste About one in five public schools in the US are requiring students to wear a uniform (Flam). Children at these schools are all forced to wear the same bleak clothing as everyone else, day after day. They have little outlet for self expression which often makes students feel worse about themselves or resort to unsafe behaviors as a method of showing their personality. Advocates claim school uniforms might help kids feel a sense of community and contribute to academic successRead MoreUniforms Or No Uniforms?1496 Words   |  6 PagesUniforms or No Uniforms? Aurene Carey Lisa Clark English 122 One of the students’ issues they face in this society, is school uniforms and what they should and should not wear. Do you think that they should be allowed to wear street clothes or wear the school uniforms that the school provides? There some various point of views that are presented, plus there is a definition of what a school uniform is just in case some people don’t know. A school uniform is basically a shirt (school choice) whichRead MoreSchool Uniforms Essay686 Words   |  3 PagesSchool uniforms should definitely be used in school systems. Uniforms are both good for schools as well as for the students. Wearing uniforms will help build a sense of unity within the school. Instead of everyone as a separate team, everyone will be in the same team. Wearing uniforms will help free students of the stress of what to wear in the morning. Wearing school uniforms will help improve student individuality and improve their self-esteem. First, wearing matching uniforms can make studentsRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Mandated?944 Words   |  4 PagesShould School Uniforms Be Mandated in Public Schools? Educators and parents, alike, want safe, respectful learning-oriented schools for their children. In 1996, President Bill Clinton challenged schools â€Å"to teach character education, †¦ And if it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms.† (Boutelle 36). As a result, the Manual on School Uniforms was issued by the government toRead MoreSchool Uniforms And The School Uniform Policy964 Words   |  4 Pageslearning-oriented schools for their children. In 1996, President Bill Clinton challenged schools that â€Å" †¦ if it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms.† (Boutelle 36). As a result, the Manual on School Uniforms was issued by the government to provide guidelines for those considering establishing a school uniform policy. Ever since, proponents and opponents of mandated school uniforms haveRead MoreSchool Uniforms, Good Or Bad? Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents and parents who don’t agree with school uniforms. They will immediately reject them because to them these uniforms restrict the student s’ freedom of expression. After picking this topic. I wanted to take the negative of it because I want to freely choose the clothes that I want to wear. I didn’t want someone to choose the clothes that I’m going to wear. After, a while of researching this topic, I decided to take the positive side of school uniforms. In fact, these uniforms will help students

Case study on Tata Motors International Strategy - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about The Tata Motors Case Study. Answer: Source Problems The business vertical chosen for the conducting the case study analysis Tata is Tata motors. The study will put emphasis on various issues and problems faced by Tata motors while adopting globalization as international strategy of expansion. Tata motors globally aims in maintaining the traditional value and the image of the brand in the target market. The diversification strategies along with the management strategies of the business division of Tata motors will be discussed in the study[1]. Apart from that, there are recruitment problems, maintenance of corporate social responsibility and upgrading of the standards of the company at global level. The main source problem lies in managing the tradition of Ratan Tata in the different business verticals of the conglomerate company. Tata Motors at global level is facing some issues in the organizational level. The role model of all the business verticals is the world famous culture of Ratan Tata[2]. Secondary Problems Secondary problems faced by Tata motors are categorized into short term and long-term categories. The problems discussed in this section will have an impact on the future regarding profitability of the business verticals. Short term Tata motors is facing an economic downturn due to the slowdown of economy not only in Indian market but also in other countries. The B and C category of cars are facing losses, as they are not selling at a first pace. There are many car companies such as Mahindra, Nissan, Skoda, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Honda, etc. that are selling the same categories of cars in the market[3]. In the section of commercial vehicles, Tata motors face tough competition from brands like Mercedes Benz, Volvo and Navistar. Long Term Tata motors is facing issues in entering into new markets. the main of the company is to achieve a substantial market share. The cost of manufacturing cars from the raw materials available in the foreign country is a challenging factor. The company is facing issues in maintaining a low cost of manufacturing of different models of cars in the foreign country[4]. Analysis The part of analysis includes the detailed analysis of the problems faced by the automobile section of the Tata conglomerate. The main problems of Tata motors includes in the expansion strategy along with the maintenance of operation of different processes of business in the foreign countries. It is seen that Tata motors faces huge cost in the manufacturing sites of different vehicles[5]. The company is lacking in finding proper supplier list in the target country. The core culture of Tata is focusing on the research and development department of its various divisions of business. Tata motors also emphasize on the development of new features on the vehicles manufactured by the company especially in the car section. SWOT analysis along with BCG matrix of the different products of Tata motors will also be described in the analysis section of the study[6]. Strengths: Strengths of Tata Motors include its strong brand image. The main market of Tata motors is its domestic market i.e. India. Customers of India along with other countries such as United States have a good knowledge of the ethics and culture followed by Tata motors in the company. Apart from that, the companys strong focus in the research and development department is considered as core strength[7]. Weaknesses: Apart from having much strength, there are many weaknesses that are prevalent in Tata motors, Recruitment of desired candidates in the strategic department is absent in the different branches of Tata motors. Formulating proper strategy related to globalization and internalization is not done properly as there are no competent managers that will take care of the international client relations of the company[8]. It also causes problems in the adoption of proper strategy of mergers and acquisitions with other foreign countries. Opportunities: Opportunities for Tata motors include immense opportunities in the foreign markets. The automobile industry worldwide is very competitive in nature. There are many countries where Tata has not entered their automobile business verticals. Tata has a worldwide reputation and has different scopes related to the operational and expansion strategies[9]. Threats: Threats of Tata motors refers to the increasing competition in the global markets. In Indian markets, many automobile companies are entering into the country for their increased sales. Lack of integration between the international strategies with the organizational goals is also considered as a threat to the organization. Ansoff Matrix of Tata motors Ansoff Matrix Analysis The Ansoff Matrix of the company describes about the position of different vehicles of Tata motors in different position of the matrix. It shows about the section of problems faced by the company in the global level along with the market share. Tata Motors can develop its new product in the new market[10]. Another problem of globalization of Tata motors is merger and acquisition. The company has done two mergers with Land Rover and Jaguar cars. The success of the merger depends on the proper implementation of the strategy regarding the internalization of the company. Internal problem is the reason of improper implementation of the strategies in the different internationalization policies. Sometimes the company chooses wrong entry modes to penetrate foreign markets. It leads to lower market share in the company. It is noticed that the market of Tata motors gradually falls in the international market due to technical bounces[11]. This is a short term in nature. Buy on stock is an issue that is hindering the company to earn its reputation and deserving market share in the target countries[12]. As per the BCG Matrix, the company has many products or vehicles that lead the company to earn huge profits. Many models of cars are not selling up to the expectation of the company. The sales prediction usually fails in many issues of strategic management and Criteria of Evaluation The evaluation of the Tata companies helped in accomplishing the goals. Vision and strategy of the company is accomplished through the four segments that will be discussed in the form of performance indicators. The performance indicators used for the evaluation of the strategies are as follows: Financial: Financial indicators include the main section of repaying the debt that Tata motors have lend from the bank. Reduction should be present in the debt level that is mentioned in the balance sheet. It should be performed within five years. Customer: With the development of the new car segments, Tata motors will be able to target new segments of customers in the newly penetrated foreign markets. The company should make a projection of the future sales that are targeted based on the target customers. International Business Processes: Development in the small car segment for higher income segments. Within the coming years, the availability of the product and the improvement of sales in the various segments of cars at tomorrow. Learning and growth: The vision, mission and the goals for improving the internalization strategies along with some internal operational problems are considered under the learning and growth of the employees and company as a whole[13]. Alternatives The major feasible actions are categorized under short term and long-term categories. These alternatives can be used if the recommended strategies are not working properly in the practical field. Short term Various types of trainings and developmental programs are formed for the present employees of Tata motors so that they can manage the operations of the company. Cross-cultural communication is practiced so that these managers can communicate with the other managers that are located in the foreign locations. It will help in cracking the deals of Tata automobiles with other companies. It is an alternative method that Tata motors can use instead of recruitment and selection of new candidates from the countries as it is a time and cost incurring method. Long term Long term strategies includes the proper selection of entry modes while capturing a market share in a foreign countries. The company can also think other strategies that will motivate the research and development department of the company to develop several approach and strategies both for developing models in commercial vehicles and small cars for middle-income group people. In the developing countries, there are many people that belong to middle-income group. They are considered as huge segments of target customers for the company[14]. Recommended Strategy Short term The recruitment policies of the company must be changed or modified as per the current trends of the market. Employees will shift to other companies if they found competitive advantage in the required designation. However, Tata has many advantages in the schemes of HR policies. However, there are lack of people that are actually eligible in the designations that are involved in the internalization. Organizational culture is not followed properly in many verticals of Tata automobiles. The senior management should focus on this issue particularly to cope up the gap created by the officials of the organization. Long term Tata motors have to formulate sustainable strategies related to the manufacturing sites that are present in foreign location. It should also focus on formulating strategies that controls the cost of production of the cars in the manufacturing sites of the company. Research and development department should find some new features and systems that attract the customers compared to other products of the market[15]. Focusing on higher price segment cars in developed countries of North American and Europe will lead to profitability and increase in the market share. Selection of proper entry mode while penetrating a new target market is essential for maintaining market share in the global automobile market. Justification of Recommendations The recommendations that are suggested in the previous paragraphs for the short term and long-term categories are justified. There are many strategies Tata can implement to mitigate the strategic issues in the field of globalization and internalization. However, the above-recommended strategies are the best methods of solution provided to the company. Recruitment of the deserving candidates by implementing improved methods is the best solution that can easily handle the organizational problems[16]. Employee benefits are also introduced for the new recruited employees to motivate them in their field of work. Development of cars for the high-income segment in the foreign countries is a good example of long-term strategy that will help in gaining a significant market share in the global automobile market. Innovation in the field of the research and development is an example of development of new products in the market. Various policies of management should be introduced in the organizat ional level and its impact on other operational process of the company is essential for the long-term success. Short-term policies are involved in the change of the environment and process of operations in the manufacturing facilities of Tata motors at different foreign locations. Implementation, Control and Follow-up Creating recommendations for the company is not the only task to be commenced. It is important for the mangers of the company to check whether the recommended strategies are properly implemented in the company or not. The management team of the company in different branches must control implementation of the recommended approaches. A centralized approach should be followed in the management of the organization. Control of the new strategies helps in mitigating the effect of these approaches in the respective divisions of the company. Follow up of the approaches is a crucial thing that is used by the middle level management for checking the degree of implementation. A team should be framed in every branch of Tata motors so that they are responsible for creating a report on the working procedures of the new strategies formulated for the Tata motors. Various departments of the implemented approaches must communicate with the head present in the branches of the office. References Agarwal, Ritu, and Peter Weill. "The benefits of combining data with empathy."MIT Sloan Management Review54, no. 1 (2012): 35. Banerjee, Bhabatosh. "Working Capital Management in Tata Motors Ltd."The MA Journal51, no. 5 (2016): 84-87. Becker-Ritterspach, Florian, and Gert Bruche. "Capability creation and internationalization with business group embeddednessthe case of Tata Motors in passenger cars."European Management Journal30, no. 3 (2012): 232-247. Bhardwaj, Garima, and Sumit Agarwal. "Business ethics and corporate social responsibility at tata group."International Journal in Management Social Science2, no. 9 (2014): 37-47. Farooque, Asma. "An empirical study on identifying developing the training program for problem solvingTata Motors Ltd, Lucknow."ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research5, no. 11 (2015): 30-39. Grant, Robert M.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Kamley, Sachin, Shailesh Jaloree, and R. S. Thakur. "Long Term and Short Term Investment Strategy for Predicting the Performance of BSE using MLP Model."Indian Journal of Science and Technology8, no. 22 (2015). Khosla, Rekha. "Knowledge Transfer Mechnasims: A Study of Tata Motors."Review of Knowledge Management3, no. 1/2 (2013): 23. Lim, Chaisung, Seokhee Han, and Hiroshi Ito. "Capability building through innovation for unserved lower end mega markets."Technovation33, no. 12 (2013): 391-404. Maya, G., and Uma Rani. "PERMANENT PROBLEMS OF TEMPORARY WORKERS IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY."International Journal of Logistics Supply Chain Management Perspectives2, no. 4 (2013): 679. Mullick, N. H., and Gaurav Tripathi. "FIAT: a good product with a wrong strategy."Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies3, no. 1 (2013): 1-13. Perwez, Syed Khalid, Abdul Khalique, H. Ramaseshan, and T. N. V. R. Swamy. "The Link between Salary and Psychiatric Problems among the Industrial Workers."Asian Social Science10, no. 7 (2014): 87. Perwez, Syed Khalid, Abdul Khalique, H. Ramaseshan, TNV R. Swamy, and Mohammed Mansoor. "Nature of Job and Psychiatric Problems: The Experiences of Industrial Workers."Global journal of health science7, no. 1 (2015): 288. Trivedi, Lisa. "David Arnold. Everyday Technology: Machines and the Making of India's Modernity."The American Historical Review119, no. 5 (2014): 1667-1668. Verma, S. S. "Latest developments of a compressed air vehicle: A status report."Global Journal of Research In Engineering13, no. 1 (2013). Williams, Timothy, and Nicholas S. Vonortas. "Strategic Alliances/Knowledge-Intensive Partnerships." InInnovation Policy, pp. 47-63. Springer New York, 2015.

Changing Conceptions in Educational Problems

Question: Discuss about the Changing Conceptions in Educational Problems. Answer: Introduction According to Tuckman Harper (2012), educational research tries to solve the queries that specifically deal with educational problems. For example, if the topic is influence of Victorian era in the English poetry and one is facing difficulties in making out the Victorian style of English language writing, the research work would include gathering of the following data: To what extent it is different from the other genres of writing How much the society, culture, economy and politics exercise its influence on the development of the specific writing style What were the socio-cultural-economic and political background of the poets What were the new elements that were added to the writing style of the poetry? It will include the advent of any new trend in poetry. Duncheon Tierney (2013) described that the objective of research is nothing but enhancing the educational process through problem solving. However, Lysenko et al (2014) made an interesting point in this context. Lysenko et al (2014) opined that the activity involved in educational research develops in educational situations a systematic and scientific behavior. It is only through research that an educator can achieve his desired objectives. Discussion For a better understanding of the whole concept, two articles related to educational research will be discussed. The article by Marsh Seaton (2013) has described the types of educational research. The various types of educational research are the various methods through which educational research is conducted. The article has outlined multiple issues related to educational research. Educational research encompasses a broad area of study including philosophy, psychology, sociology and many more. Such a vast range is the reason behind the overlapping in disciplines from which one has to decide the specific methodology for a specific topic. Again, the outcomes of the study should be interpreted within the context of the specific area of study. Any conflict and overlapping cannot be determined as a researched outcome. This article has pointed out the various research methodologies. These are as following: Qualitative research Quantitative research Mixed research These methodologies are sub-divided into multiple types, which are followed by an educational researcher. Qualitative research methodology is an inductive process that involves the analysis of non-countable data. Qualitative research tries to find out the themes, patterns, and holistic features of a study. A common qualitative research includes the content analysis, observations of narrative or comments, focus groups, surveys and interviews. Based on the various components one can sub-divide the types into the following: Case Study Narrative Research Historical Research Ethnographic Phenomenological Research If the researcher develops his research outcomes after analyzing any case study of an incident, analyzes historical events or facts that are discussed in history, and gather information by taking interviews, he has used the Qualitative method. Another process is Quantitative method, which considers the numerical data to analyze statistical relations. Types of Quantitative research include the following: Descriptive survey research Experimental research Single-Subject research Casual-Comparative research Correlational research Meta-analysis The surveys conducted in Quantitative research are closed-ended, whereas in the Qualitative research, it is open-ended in which, the researcher directs his objectives towards the subjects of the research. However, research methodology can involve both the qualitative and the quantitative data. This methodology is known as Mixed Research. Both the types are included into the different phases of the procedure. Such an approach of research methodology is a new school of thought that emphasizes the importance of scientific method in an educational research. In the field of social research, this approach is termed as Triangulation. This article has analyzed the two types of mixed methodology. These are the following: Action Research: a research to solve an immediate problem by a group of people for improving the research method Program Evaluation: A systematic research method that collects, analyzes, and answer questions about projects and policies The next article to be discussed is written by McKenney Reeves (2012) has highlighted the various characteristics of educational research. They have focused on the discussion done by Gary Anderson. He has outlined ten aspects found in educational research. These are the following: It attempts to solve a problem It gathers primary and secondary data It is based on empirical evidence or observable experience Research should involve accuracy in observation and analysis It should have carefully designed structure It demands the expertise in the technical skill, methodology; it tries to solve a problem It stresses on principles of theories, development of generalizations leading to understanding and control of the subject Research aims at finding an objective and achieves an unbiased solution It is a deliberate and slow activity, which has a direction. However, it often refines the problem during the progression of the research Research should be recorded and reported properly This article also focused on the two main approaches on the educational research. There is a basic approach and an academic research approach. Whereas, the basic approach stresses on the search for the truth, the second approach refers to the direct application of the information. Conclusion The two articles discussed in the essay have elaborated various aspects of educational research. However, it is a broad area of study and researchers have tried to analyze multiple methods through which the researcher conducts his research. An effective research should involve a systematic approach; otherwise, the research outcomes will not be satisfactory. An educational research is an important element for enrichment of the academic study. However, a wrong approach and hurried method increases the level of inaccuracy. References Duncheon, J. C., Tierney, W. G. (2013). Changing conceptions of time implications for educational research and practice. Review of educational research, 0034654313478492. Lawson, M. A., Lawson, H. A. (2013). New conceptual frameworks for student engagement research, policy, and practice. Review of Educational Research, 0034654313480891. Lysenko, L. V., Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Dagenais, C., Janosz, M. (2014). Educational research in educational practice: predictors of use. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'ducation, 37(2), 1-26. Marsh, H. W., Seaton, M. A. R. J. O. R. I. E. (2013). Academic self-concept.International guide to student achievement, 62-63. Tuckman, B. W., Harper, B. E. (2012). Conducting educational research. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Marsh, H. W., Seaton, M. A. R. J. O. R. I. E. (2013). Academic self-concept.International guide to student achievement, 62-63. McKenney, S., Reeves, T. C. (2012). Conducting educational design research.