The Effect of performance appraisal policies on the Level of the Thesis Proposal

The Effect of execution examination strategies on the Level of the Employees Engagement in Hail University-Saudi Arabia (Women Branch) - Thesis Proposal Example autonomous factors in influencing intervening factors of companion pressure is explored and this is then weighed against the result of ward factors relating to representative commitment levels.After proposing the difficult articulation and demonstrating the motivation behind the exploration, the examination inquiries of the investigation are then placed. This is trailed by the structure of the exploration and a conversation of the different factors. This is trailed by an examination philosophy segment which demonstrates how information is to be gathered. This will be by leading a subjective and quantitative investigation of worker commitment levels in Hail University, Saudi Arabia women’s branch, by gathering and checking on both essential and auxiliary wellsprings of information. Worker commitment is influenced by various components. Bakker and Demerouti (2008) show an assortment of components, for example, work assets, the striking nature of such assets and individual assets as some of such factors that influence worker commitment. The significance of worker commitment is underscored by the related advantages of this commitment. Such advantages remember improved execution and an ability for the piece of the worker to go the extra mileBakker and Demerouti (2008). Different studies have seen such worker commitment as emphatically related in-job execution. These are only a portion of the advantages that are normal when representatives are occupied with their work. One of the numerous variables that can be relied upon to influence representative commitment levels is execution evaluation approaches of an association. This is on the grounds that exhibition examination arrangements are strategies, and like some other approach; they will undoubtedly influence the relationship that exists between the representative and the association. Execution examination is generally focused at surveying employees’ efficiency and deciding if they are working in agreement to the company’s objectives and destinations. In addition, such examination is then used to decide suitable prizes or potentially

Main Cultural Differences Between Arab and Us Managers Free Essays

ISCTE †SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT Similarities and Differences among Arab and American Managers Predominant Characteristics 1 2 3 Leadership Style Arab Stereotype Egalitarian, accentuation on peer endorsement and increase individual acknowledgment. Consultative Ritual, show a high wanted for long haul relations, full of feeling, e. g. We will compose a custom paper test on Primary Cultural Differences Between Arab and Us Managers or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now , bids to feelings and sentiments, concession chasing. Difficult work is an ethicalness in the light of the requirements of man and the need to build up balance in one’s individual and public activity. Family and work are the focal point of life. Important to maintain a strategic distance from bedlam and to construct a family-type condition. American Stereotype Materialistic preferences â€Å"wheeling and dealing,† accentuation on chances to excel. Participative Direct, looking for momentary relations, accentuation on realities and intelligent investigation,; concessions are made once in a while. Choice Style Negotiation Style 4 Work Orientation Hard work is a prudence without anyone else, work is the focal point of life. 5 Attitudes Toward Organizational Authority Important to the degree that it encourages work, less accentuation on various leveled relations and rules. Indifferent, accentuation on results, flourishing with rivalry, gamesmanship, determined dangers, and moving, documentation is profoundly esteemed. All headings composed, everyday practice, formal, participates in control of realities, which is legitimized through the manipulative â€Å"flexible morals. † Seniority salary raises are not as powerful as legitimacy, motivating force grants, open door for headway, and cash is critical in light of the fact that it’s the â€Å"name of the game. † 6 Business Conduct Highly customized, accentuation on trustworthiness, moral angles, and verbal responsibility, documentation isn't profoundly respected. Eye to eye, casual, dire, accentuation on human intrigue, and stress genuine contextual analyses or instances of how projects have profited the individuals. Acknowledge life span and rank situated boosts in compensation, accentuation on acknowledgment by the unrivaled for a great job by the gathering and self-awareness as a piece of humankind . Inspiration originates from social relations, relational exchanges, libertarian worth, and chance to get paid for helping other. Casual, for the most part judgment based, accentuation on human relations part of the individual execution. Exceptionally emotional, choice relies upon individual contacts, nepotism, regionalism, and family name. An indication of something is turning out badly, utilized distinctly in emergency circumstance. 7 Communication System 8 Reward Systems Motivational System Motivation originates from high accomplishment, various leveled progression and material increases. 10 Performance Appraisal An objective arranged and wrapped into the organization’s arranging framework, for the most part objective-put together and accentuation with respect to quick input. Moderately o bjective, standard created, legitimacy and experience are thought of. 11 Recruitment of Personnel Use of Management Consultants 12 Highly respected and utilized every now and again. Abbas Ali (1988): â€Å"A CROSS-NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF MANAGERIAL WORK VALUE SYSTEMS† In Advances in International Comparative Management, Vol. 3, pages 151-169. 5 The most effective method to refer to Main Cultural Differences Between Arab and Us Managers, Essay models

The Development of Scientific Management free essay sample

The Development of Scientific Management BY 51067685 With the advancement of logical administration, innovation, and beneficial force, the items concerning the metal Magnesium have been created in an enhanced manner including MGM molecule, MGM amalgams, MGM powder, MGM ingot, MGM stick, MGM conciliatory anode and superior conciliatory anode and so forth. The metal MGM, 2/3 thickness of the metal Aluminum, is probably the lightest metal. The potential use of the metal MGM is critical particularly under todays circumstance that vitality has been incredibly needed of and natural insurance extraordinarily underlined. Having rich stores under the earth, the metal MGM is of excellent characteristics like high enemy of seismic capacity, hostile to destructive ability and power and so on , which makes it conceivable being the fundamental material for compound industry and along these lines wins itself incredible consideration in the utilization of the national resistance industry. MGM is anything but difficult to consume and give solid light noticeable all around. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Development of Scientific Management or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page MGM powder is utilized as the crude material of burning and lighting bomb for guard. The metal MGM of national standard isn't just sold well in household showcase yet additionally sent out to Japan, USA, Germany, India, Taiwan and Honking. In the global market, in excess of 80 tons of MGM has been utilized in the confusion of steel and iron every year. China is the fundamental nation in creating steel and iron, and it has been anticipated by specialists that China needs 300,000?500,000 huge amounts of MGM for modern preparing starting now and into the foreseeable future to the year 2005. The utilization of the metal MGM has expanded with a normal pace of 6. 6% every year during asses. Furthermore, 109,000 tons of MGM has been devoured in making different foundry items utilized in autos, cruisers, and electric outside layer and so on. Some extra parts that can be fitted o cars like wheel center point, instrument board, seat outline, gear box, heading framework, chamber, air gulf cylinder and brake pedal edge have been placed into utilization in a wild territories. The utilization of the amalgam MGM in car making industry will represent 14% among the aggregate sum of MGM utilization in the accompanying seven to eight years. After the Chinas section into the WTFO, the market can see a splendid future for the MGM items since the significant article in the replacing proposition gave by the U. S. ND the EX. is MGM ingot, while there is no necessity on the seriously prepared items. Some key endeavors in China are toward the starting stage in handling the metal MGM, in this way this is the correct open door for their turn of events. MGM handling is alluded to as the promising business by the specialists in the 21st Century. At present, two significant crude materials that can be utilized to deliver the metal MGM have bee n discovered wealthy in Equinox City, Shania Province, China. They are dolomite mineral and silicon iron. The neighborhood dolomite mineral has an excellent quality with the usage rate being higher than 96%. Close by the organization there are a few rockroses delivering silicon iron and rich dolomite mineral store, which can not just assurance the flexibly for creating the metal MGM yet additionally lessen the expense of crude materials buying in a successful manner. The assets that have been gotten together by the organization will be mostly utilized in: 1. Plant development and hardware buy so as to stay up with the market advancement; 2. Setting up the Central Institute with the end goal of market development and logical research; 3 Setting up the business organize; 4. Growing new items, advancing advancements and improving the old item framework.

7 freedom fighter Essay

Netaji as he was called was an exceptionally conspicuous figure in the Indian opportunity battle. His sole point was the opportunity of his nation and he named it as a need and didnt concur with Gandhiji on the standing that it very well may be arranged. He was accomplished and accepted that there ought to be finished prejudice for position separation, bigotry or strict division. His was so dynamic in the Indian National Congress that he was captured a few times by the British Government. Before long he understood that universal support was an unquestionable requirement for Indias opportunity and subsequently began gathering pioneers from Japan, Italy, and Germany who were against the British powers in the World War 2. He even met Mussolini and Hitler at various occasions. He was totally against the bigotry that The despots engendered however he valued the control and solidarity of their men. It was on Hitlers Suggestion that he went to Japan and shaped the Indian National Army and b egan the Campaign ËœChallo Dilli which however fizzled, wasnt enough to break his soul. The Slogan ËœJai Hind was likewise given by him which despite everything wins. Bhagat Singh See progressively: Satirical paper about medications A progressive who was raised in the energetic environment, Shaheed Bhagat Singh, where Shaheed implies ËœMartyr, from an exceptionally youthful age all he at any point imagined was of seeing his nation free. He met Rajguru and Sukhdev who shared his contemplations and together they battled a few guerrilla wars battling and revolting each British law that was against the regular citizens and furthermore against the privilege of mankind. The Jallianwalla Baugh Massacre is one such case of the pilgrim cruelty. He even shot bombs inside the Assembly lobby yelling mottos of ËœInqualab Zindabad( Independence Prevails) to rebel against two laws-Å"Trade Union Dispute Bill  and Å"Public Safety Bill . Each of the three were captured and hanged to death. Their passing, rather than quieting the individuals, really went about as impetus that lighted the fire inside individuals as even while leaving each of the three continued expressing Å" Sar Kata Sakte Hai damage, Sar Zhuka Sakte Nahi  ( We can have our heads cleaved however not bowed). Chandrasekhar Azad Chandra Shekhar Azad elocution (help ·info) (23 July 1906 27 February 1931), prevalently known as Azad (Å"The Liberated ), was an Indian progressive who rearranged the Hindustan Republican Association under the new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the demise of its originator, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other noticeable gathering pioneers, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. He is viewed as the tutor of Bhagat Singh and boss tactician of the HSRA.Ram prasad Bismil Smash Prasad Bismil Smash Prasad Bismil About this sound elocution (help ·info) (11 June 1897 19 December 1927) was an Indian progressive who took an interest in Mainpuri intrigue of 1918, and the Kakori scheme of 1925, and battled against British dominion. Just as being a political dissident, he was likewise a devoted artist and wrote in Hindi and Urdu utilizing the pseudonyms Ram, Agyat and Bismil. In any case, he got mainstream with the last name Å"Bismil  as it were. He was related with Arya Samaj where he got motivation from Satyarth Prakash, a book composed by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. He likewise had a classified association with Lala Har Dayal through his master Swami Somdev, a minister of Arya Samaj. Bismil was one of the originator individuals from the progressive association Hindustan Republican Association. Bhagat Singh commended him[1][2] as an incredible artist author of Urdu and Hindi, who had additionally interpreted the books Catherine from English and Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot from Bengali. A few rousing enthusiastic refrains are ascribed to him; these incorporate the sonnet Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna, in spite of the fact that that is at times additionally said to be crafted by Å"Bismil  Azimabadi of Patna.Surya Sen Surya Sen (Bengali: à ¦ ¸Ã  §â€šÃ  ¦ °Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¯ à ¦ ¸Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ ¨) (22 March 1894 12 January 1934) was a Bengali autonomy warrior (contrary to British principle) who is noted for driving the 1930 Chittagong arsenal assault In Chittagong of Bengal in British India (presently in Bangladesh). Sen was a teacher by calling and was famously called as Master Da (Å"da  is a postfix in Bengali language signifying senior sibling). He was affected by the patriot standards in 1916, when he was an understudy of B.A. in Behrampore College.[1] In 1918 he was chosen as leader of Indian National Congress, Chittagong branch. Madan Lal Dhingra Madan Lal Dhingra (18831909) was an Indian progressive opportunity fighter.[1] While concentrating in England, he killed Sir William Hutt Curzon Wyllie,[2] a British authority, hailed Early life Dhingra Studied at Amritsar in MB Intermediate school up-till 1900 and afterward went to Lahore to concentrate in Government College Lahore. In 1904 he drove an understudy challenge the principals request to have school coat made out of imported material from England. He was tossed out of school. Around then he was Student of Masters of Art. He was affected by Nationalist Movement of Swadeshi. He profoundly examined the writing concerning the reason for Indian Poverty and starvations, as answer for these issues Swaraj and Swadeshi became key issues. At that point Dhingra needed to fill in as a representative, at Kalka in A Tonga Service being run for British familys transport to Shimla Tonga (horse-driven truck) puller, and a production line worker. Dhingra endeavored to arrange an association there, however was sacked. He worked for at some point in Mumbai, before following up on the counsel of his senior sibling Dr Bihari Lal and going to England for higher investigations. In 1906, Madan Lal withdrew for England to select at University College, London, to examine Mechanical Engineering. He was bolstered by his senior sibling and some patriot activists in England. Udham Singh Udham Singh (26 December 1899 31 July 1940) was an Indian progressive, most popular for killing Michael ODwyer on 13 March 1940 in what has been depicted as an avenging of the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre.[1] Singh is a noticeable figure of the Indian freedom battle. He is in some cases alluded to as Shaheed-I-Azam Sardar Udham Singh (the articulation Å"Shaheed-I-Azam,  Urdu: Ø'ù‡ûÅ"ø ¯ Ø §Ã¸ ¹Ã¸ ¸Ã¹â€¦ Ž, implies Å"the incredible martyr ). Early life Singh was conceived Sher Singh on 26 December 1899, at Sunam in the Sangrur region of Punjab, India, to a Kamboj Sikh cultivating family. His dad, Sardar Tehal Singh Jammu (known as Chuhar Singh before taking the Amrit), was a railroad crossing guard in the town of Upalli. His mom kicked the bucket in 1901, and his dad in 1907.[2] After his dads demise, Singh and his senior sibling, Mukta Singh, were taken in by the Central Khalsa Orphanage Putlighar in Amritsar. At the halfway house, Singh was managed the Sikh initiatory customs and got the name of Udham Singh. He breezed through his registration assessment in 1918 and left the halfway house in 1919.

Making Assumptions

Making Assumptions A policeman was heading home after a long, hard day on patrol. He had dealt with a whole succession of difficult people, and a mountain of frustrating paperwork. All he wanted at this point was to kick back, unwind, enjoy some peace and quiet, and maybe watch a few innings of baseball on TV.But, as he neared home, he was startled by a vehicle that came careening around a sharp curve and narrowly missed his squad car. As the car passed within a few inches of him, the other driver shouted Pig!The police officer was suddenly energized. He slammed on brakes, all set to turn his squad car around and head off in hot pursuit. But as he rounded the curve, he ran head-on into a large pig that was standing in the middle of the road! Its a lesson we learn early in life if were lucky: dont assume! No matter how confident we are in our understanding of the issue. No matter how certain of anothers reasoning or motives. No matter how obvious the point may be to us. Effective communication is far more complicated and difficult than we think. With barriers like cultural differences, personal filters, different definitions, etc., its amazing that any of us ever understand one another. But these arent the most difficult obstacles. The biggest reason we arent able to hear what another is saying to us is simply fear!Oh, we may camouflage it behind anger, self-importance or any number of other false fronts, but at the root is fear. Fear of being found out, or of being disappointed, or of not getting what we want. Its a powerful if crippling motivator. And most of us can summon up plenty of reasons why we shouldnt take another at face value. Honest communication requires trust, and taking a risk. And weve been burned too many times. So we settle for safety, make the natural assumption, and run head-on into our own version of that pig as we journey down lifes highway!There is a better way. A way that recognizes our similarities. That sees others as a source of community and healing. That looks past our own frustration and previous disappointments to explore the possibility that even a stranger may have something positive to say. The Apostle Paul described it in Corinthians, chapter 13. Its the higher way of love. I almost hesitate to use that term these days because of the way our culture misuses it. But when you read Pauls description, try substituting maturity. Its a perfect fit. The risks are higher for this way of living, but so are the rewards.Another (anonymous) writer cautions:To laugh is to risk appearing the fool. To weep is to risk appearing sentimental. To reach out for another is to risk involvement. To expose feelings is to risk exposing your true self. To place your ideas, your dreams before a crowd is to risk their loss. To love is to risk not being loved in return. To live is to risk dying. To hope is to risk despair. To try is to risk failure. But risks must be taken, because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing. The person who risks nothing, does nothing, has nothing and is nothing. They may avoid suffering and sorrow but they cannot learn, feel, change, grow, love, live. Chained by their certitudes they are a slave, they have forfeited their freedom. Only a person who risks is free.That doesnt mean we should be naive. It does mean we should be careful what we assume. Check it out. Give others the benefit of the doubt. And if someone shouts something unexpected at us, at least entertain the possibility that perhaps it may be more than a personal insult. Who knows, that approach could change our life.By CAPT J. David Atwater, CHC, USN

Making Assumptions

Making Assumptions A policeman was heading home after a long, hard day on patrol. He had dealt with a whole succession of difficult people, and a mountain of frustrating paperwork. All he wanted at this point was to kick back, unwind, enjoy some peace and quiet, and maybe watch a few innings of baseball on TV.But, as he neared home, he was startled by a vehicle that came careening around a sharp curve and narrowly missed his squad car. As the car passed within a few inches of him, the other driver shouted Pig!The police officer was suddenly energized. He slammed on brakes, all set to turn his squad car around and head off in hot pursuit. But as he rounded the curve, he ran head-on into a large pig that was standing in the middle of the road! Its a lesson we learn early in life if were lucky: dont assume! No matter how confident we are in our understanding of the issue. No matter how certain of anothers reasoning or motives. No matter how obvious the point may be to us. Effective communication is far more complicated and difficult than we think. With barriers like cultural differences, personal filters, different definitions, etc., its amazing that any of us ever understand one another. But these arent the most difficult obstacles. The biggest reason we arent able to hear what another is saying to us is simply fear!Oh, we may camouflage it behind anger, self-importance or any number of other false fronts, but at the root is fear. Fear of being found out, or of being disappointed, or of not getting what we want. Its a powerful if crippling motivator. And most of us can summon up plenty of reasons why we shouldnt take another at face value. Honest communication requires trust, and taking a risk. And weve been burned too many times. So we settle for safety, make the natural assumption, and run head-on into our own version of that pig as we journey down lifes highway!There is a better way. A way that recognizes our similarities. That sees others as a source of community and healing. That looks past our own frustration and previous disappointments to explore the possibility that even a stranger may have something positive to say. The Apostle Paul described it in Corinthians, chapter 13. Its the higher way of love. I almost hesitate to use that term these days because of the way our culture misuses it. But when you read Pauls description, try substituting maturity. Its a perfect fit. The risks are higher for this way of living, but so are the rewards.Another (anonymous) writer cautions:To laugh is to risk appearing the fool. To weep is to risk appearing sentimental. To reach out for another is to risk involvement. To expose feelings is to risk exposing your true self. To place your ideas, your dreams before a crowd is to risk their loss. To love is to risk not being loved in return. To live is to risk dying. To hope is to risk despair. To try is to risk failure. But risks must be taken, because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing. The person who risks nothing, does nothing, has nothing and is nothing. They may avoid suffering and sorrow but they cannot learn, feel, change, grow, love, live. Chained by their certitudes they are a slave, they have forfeited their freedom. Only a person who risks is free.That doesnt mean we should be naive. It does mean we should be careful what we assume. Check it out. Give others the benefit of the doubt. And if someone shouts something unexpected at us, at least entertain the possibility that perhaps it may be more than a personal insult. Who knows, that approach could change our life.By CAPT J. David Atwater, CHC, USN

Repressive Society in Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut - Free Essay Example

The year is 2081, the addition of the 211th, 212 and 213 amendments to the Constitution makes everyone â€Å"equal†, George and Hazel Bergeron have a child named Harrison, Harrison is taken away from them when Harrison is 14. George has a radio in his ear because of his above average intelligence while Hazel has no handicap because she would be considered average by Harrison, however, has many handicaps because in the story he is considered a â€Å" a genius, an athlete, is under-handicapped† In the story, Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr, the government handicaps those whom they think are above average, so they handicap them to make them equal. For Instance, â€Å"It was then that the Bergerons’ television tube burned out. Hazel turned to comment about the blackout to George. But George had gone out into the kitchen for a can of bear. George came back in with the beer, then paused while a handicap signal shook him up. and then he sat down again†(quote is taken from the story)The evidence shows the reader that the government controls the thoughts of its citizens because after the death of Harrison and the ballerina is shown on television, the radio handicap went off, disrupting the peoples ability to think. Like George Bergeron. It appears to the reader that the government makes sure that it has control over its citizens so that they do not remember the death of Harrison and the ballerina. In the scene where George’s handicaps are described, Kurt Vonnegut uses description to show the reader how the government handicaps George so he is â€Å"equal† to everyone else. This connects to the theme that through the use of physical and mental handicaps the government seeks to achieve total equality throughout its citizens, however, this only causes more problems than it solves. The government handicaps its citizens so everybody is considered â€Å"Equal†. For Instance, â€Å"Hazel had perfectly average intelligence, which meant she couldnt think about anything except in short bursts. And George, while his intelligence was way above normal, had a little mental handicap radio in his ear. He was required by law to wear it at all times. It was tuned to a government transmitter. Every twenty seconds or so, the transmitter would end out some sharp noise to keep people like George from taking unfair advantages of their brains.†(quote is taken from the story). In the scene, it explains that Hazel is considered â€Å"average† so she does not need any physical or mental handicaps. While George, on the other hand, does have a mental handicap because â€Å"his intelligence was way above normal,†(quote is taken from the story) so he is required by law to wear it at all times. This shows that the government acknowledges George’s above average intelligence so to make sure he stays in line with others, the government tortures him by forcing him to wear a mental handicap at all times. Kurt Vonnegut uses the description of his characters to describe how Hazel is not handicapped but George is handicapped. This connects to the theme that through the use of physical and mental handicaps the government seeks to achieve total equality throughout its citizens, however, this only causes more problems than it solves. The government should not have complete control over its citizens. While one could present the argument that the government should not have complete control over its citizens, but however they’re naive ways of thinking may forget that in the story, it says â€Å"Hazel had perfectly average intelligence, which meant she couldnt think about anything except in short bursts. And George, while his intelligence was way above normal, had a little mental handicap radio in his ear. He was required by law to wear it at all times. It was tuned to a government transmitter. Every twenty seconds or so, the transmitter would send out some sharp noise to keep people like George from taking unfair advantage of their brains†(quote is taken from the text this implies that the government does not have total control over Hazel. Through the use of physical and mental handicaps the government seeks to achieve total equality throughout its citizens, however, this only causes more problems than it solves. After Harrison and the ballerina are killed on TV, the government sets of the radio handicapped so people cannot remember the death of Harrison and the ballerina. Having complete control over society is unhealthy for the people.

Illegal Immigration And The United States - 1486 Words

Illegal immigration has been an issue in the United States for a long time so the issues that come with it should not be a surprise. America was established on the basis of newcomers settling here from abroad. Recently though, thousands of illegal immigrants have come into the U.S. through either the Mexico border, the Pacific Ocean, or the Gulf of Mexico which has created a new an unanticipated issue for the U.S., in the past immigrants came from Europe and passed through the Ellis Island station in New York. Some people can enter the country legally through a visit visa, but then have continued to stay here illegally working the U.S., usually for the better benefits and higher pay. These cases are usually not the cause of the issues.†¦show more content†¦Every year, over 275,000 immigrants travel across the 2,500 miles of U.S. border with Mexico, mainly into Texas, California, and Arizona. The United States currently has anywhere from 7 to 12 million illegal immigrants wor king and living here, over half of these immigrants are from Mexico. Births account for 63% of the 11.2 million increase in the U.S. population between 2000 and 2010. One in four of the nation s children is Latino and are poorer, less-educated, less likely to be fluent in English, and less likely to be naturalized citizens. As of 2010, 37.3% of Latino children were living in poverty, more than children of any other racial or ethnic group. This is the first time in U.S. history that the single largest group of poor children is not Caucasian. These illegal families can, and most of them do, help themselves to American jobs, education, welfare, and unemployment compensation. Fifty percent of Hispanic households use some form of welfare, the highest rate of any major population group. Therefore, the continued inflow of several hundred thousand illegal immigrants annually compounds and stresses the nation’s economic problems at a time when the percentage of Americans living below the poverty line has reached the highest level since 1993. Some Americans think immigration from Mexico should be stopped completely and guard should be enforced across the entire border. Steps have

The Effectiveness of UK Youth Parliament Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Projects to be implemented in the coming years are also formulated (UKYP, 2001). The manifesto is then implemented and followed in the coming year. UK Youth Parliament has launched many projects for the well being of youth. These include: Safe space, Start young for a sustainable future, MWH UKYP awards and the BT Seen and heard awards (UKYP, 2001). The safe space project encourages the youth to discuss terrorism and extreme violence at a safe platform while the Sustaining project motivates the youth to think about the issues of sustainability faced by the planet they live on. The other two projects are for the encouragement and motivation of young volunteers to participate in community-based projects for the well being of society (UKYP, 2001). UKYP also conducts numerous debate sessions regarding the issues pertaining to the youth. The members of UKYP interact with the youth throughout the year and come up with their problems in the annual sitting and the solutions to these proble ms are then sought (A review of UKYP, 2004). A quarterly magazine is issued by the UKYP by the title of Debatable .We will write a custom essay sample on The Effectiveness of UK Youth Parliament or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Review Of Breast Size Health And Social Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3787 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 2.1 Definition of large breast women There is no united definition of the large breast size in the entire brassiere industry as well as in medicine. Many misconceptions appear that whoever looks fat likewise have large breasts. And some may define it as E cup or above due to the difficulties in purchasing bra in the recent market or grading the contour cup shape. Indeed, plus size usually refer to large chest women who may not really look fat. 2.1.1 Medical standard In medicine, there are many different standards on large breast size. KL.Dundas from The Royal Australian and New Zealand of Radiologists (2007) defined that large breast size can be divided into two categories: the bra size and the cup size. The bra size is the component size of chest-wall and the cup size is referred to the mammary gland components. Women who have cup size D or above or bra size 18 or above can be classified as plus size. Another study about the relationship between the respiratory and measurement method and the bra size calculation (Mcghee, D.E. Steele, J.R., 2006) involved subjects of large breast women. They indicated those with cup size C or above as large breast women. In other research of medical scanning, Indra. J. Das (2006) also defined large breast Japan women whose distance of chest-wall were greater than 22 cm. It can be seen that there is no united standard of the large breast size among the medicine. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Review Of Breast Size Health And Social Care" essay for you Create order 2.1.2 Market Standard People nowadays tend to have bigger cup size than before. Therefore, the plus size market is growing rapidly among the popular lingerie brands recently. Wacoal Hong Kong Company limited (2008) once launched a line mainly for large breast size women named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“WACOAL Queen Sizeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Cup size from C to I, which means having 15 cm up to 30 cm difference between upper bust girth and lower bust girth, and band size up to 120 cm or 52 inch are available. For the reason of simplicity, cup size of C or above with shoulder pain problem would be categorized as large breast women in this study even though it is not really the market standard and the common practice in the lingerie industry. 2.2 Problems faced by large breast women Many women envy those who have large breasts since they think it is a symbol of sexy appeal. Many even undergo breast augmentation to enhance their bodies with silicone and saline implants (2010). However, it may not be the same feeling for the women who carry the heavy breasts around. The large breasts may trigger multiple problems like physical problems and psychological problems (Dave, 2009). These may affect our daily life or even our social life. 2.2.1 Physical problems Plenty of health websites and journals claimed that the weak chest tissue could easily be over stretched by the excessive weight of the large breasts and as a result causing a lot of problems like upper and lower back pain as well as shoulder pain. Sheer gravity was the main reason causing shoulder pain problem. The heavy breasts makes the shoulders have to work extra hard to keep the back spine straight from being pulled down by them (Ardian, 2010). The arching action also add lots of load to the acromion (Figure 2.1), which is the highest point of shoulder and one of the most sensitive parts of the body (Carol, 2002). Pain feeling would rise and the dark red marks would be left on the shoulder because of the excessive load from the breast and the tighten bra straps after period of time (Toni, 2008). Besides, there are many blood vessels and nerves like Brachial plexus located underneath the skin which are extremely sensitive to pressure and pain feeling. They are the nerve fibres that serve sensation and motor function in the shoulders, arms, and hands travel to and from the spinal cord in the neck (Carol, 2002). So, the wearer had fatigue and pain feeling easily when there is an excessive load applied on the shoulder. Sometimes, the wearers may even have upper arm pain additionally. Due to the shoulder pain as well as the arm pain feeling, exercise is not an easy task for busty women. Because their breasts would be all bouncy when they move and this may cause pain as the muscles around the breasts area are being consistently pulled during the sport activity (Carla Ardian, 2010). IMAG0103.jpg Figure 2.1 The acromion Source: Carol A. Oatis. (2002), Kinesiology the mechanics pathomechanics of human movement, pp. 123 2.2.2 Psychological problems Apart from the physically pain, large breast also accrue to women with emotional problems. Many women dislike their large breasts because they make them look fatter. It is harder for them to find some pretty clothes. Even worse, the patterns on the top would become deformed and as a result make them feel frustrated. These would prevent them from enjoying a higher quality of life (Dave, 2009). Therefore, this is not surprised that their self image drops dramatically because of all these factors. To improve the situation, some may even take the breast reduction surgery. According to the American Society of plastic Surgeonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2007 nation plastic surgery statistics, over 100000 women had taken the breast reduction surgery in 2007. And there were 25% growth when compared with the same survey last year (Toni, 2008). Base on the above physical and mental problems, the objective of this study is to look into the possibility of distribute or minimize the pain feeling caus ed by excessive pressure load from the shoulder straps. 2.3 Current plus size bra market practice Many plus size bras are available in the existing market. They are specially designed in terms of comfort and support for women with large breasts. Besides, some accessories could be found as auxiliaries for minimizing the pressure and pain feeling. https://www.biggerbras.com/productpics3/large/AVI/aviana-plus-size-underwire-minimizer-bra-2457.jpg Figure 2.2 An example of plus size bra Source: https://blog.biggerbras.com/?tag=best-plus-size-minimizer-bra 2.3.1 Special design of bra cup Plus size bra always appears as full cup with higher neckline to cover the entire breast. The full cup is designed to give more support for the breasts to help keep the shape and fullness of the breast. Most of them are thin padded cup with wire and inner sling for minimizing the movement of the breasts. Full cup bras are ideal for larger breast sizes and pregnant women as less support can lead to a slight sagging of the breasts and back pains (My Fine Lingerie, 2010). https://www.biggerbras.com/productpics3/large/AVI/aviana-plus-size-seamless-minimizer-underwire-bra-2460.jpg Figure 2.3 An example of full cup bra with higher neckline Source: https://www.biggerbras.com/productpics3/large/AVI/aviana-plus-size-seamless-minimizer-underwire-bra-2460.jpg 2.3.2 Special design of wings Wider wings with side bones are another features of plus size bra. They are used to keep the bra firmly in place and help to limit the breast movement. Hooks and eyes are available at the end of the wings for adjustments. Appropriate tension can be applied to the wearer so as to fit well with a secure frame for breast support. https://media.redcatsusa.com/is/image/womanwithin/mm/0027_76453_mm.jpg?wid=230qlt=95op_sharpen=1 Figure 2.4 Wider wing with hooks and eyes Source: https://media.redcatsusa.com/is/image/womanwithin/mm/0027_76453_mm.jpg?wid=230qlt=95op_sharpen=1 2.3.3 Special design of shoulder straps The average breast weight of adult women was around 200g without any pregnancy and lactation. The pregnancy women could have breasts weight from 400g to 600g and up to 800g in lactation. D cup size or above plus size women could have the breasts weight same as the pregnancy and lactation women (Laurence D.J, 1991). Therefore, the straps of plus size bra should be wide enough to allow better distribution of force. Mostly, the widths of them are more than 10mm. Some straps for plus size bra may even reach 19mm or more. It should contain minimal elasticity and good recovery at the same time as well. Sometimes, the front part of the straps appears as rigid to limit the breast movement. Also, the tension of shoulder straps should fit different body lengths by using strap material with proper power and elasticity or applying adjusters. If there are not enough adjustments of the shoulder straps, the required lift-up function cannot be provided if it is too loose, or cause fatigue and pain if it is too tight (Zhou Jie, 2010). Besides, padded or cushion straps are other designs for easing the neck and shoulder pain. https://www.comparestoreprices.co.uk/images/na/natori-underwire-sport-bra.jpg Figure 2.5 Wider and padded shoulder strap Source: https://www.comparestoreprices.co.uk/images/na/natori-underwire-sport-bra.jpg 2.3.4 Accessories One of the examples of accessories for minimizing the shoulder pain and discomfort is the shoulder pad. It is common in the U.S., U.K. or Europe, but it is not easy to find in Asian countries, especially in Hong Kong since lingerie brands mainly target on the small size. There are various kinds of shoulder strap pads with some designed in small size in foam material or gel pad to provide shock absorb effect and some designed in a hand- size big. The big pad is specially designed for post surgery women like mastectomy, chemotherapy and pacemaker implantation. The product shown in figure 2.5 and 2.6 were the attachable shoulder strap foam pad and silicone pad respectively which could provid the free movement along the shoulder straps. They could be the extra supporter placing under the straps for easing shoulder pain. However, the thickness of the shoulder pad could easily show though the outerwear, an innovation from the online shop called covered shoulder pad shown in figure 2.7 can help this. It is a pad with a channel in between for placing shoulder straps as well as providing a smooth shoulder contour with its finely tapered edges. https://www.independence.ltd.uk/userimages/3931%20Bra%20Strap%20Pad%202.jpg?rand=1219843165 Figure 2.6 An example of shoulder strap foam pad Source: https://www.independence.ltd.uk/userimages/3931%20Bra%20Strap%20Pad%202.jpg?rand=1219843165 https://www.ecrobot.com:81/offer/02_OutputOfferImage.php?n=10779926174548427985743820946206 Figure 2.7 A shoulder silicone pad Source: https://www.ecrobot.com:81/offer/02_OutputOfferImage.php?n=10779926174548427985743820946206 https://images.herroom.com/items/braza-brz001-2100-gs.jpgFlip Flap Satin Covered Shoulder Pads Figure 2.8 Covered shoulder pad Source: https://www.herroom.com/braza-2100-flip-flap-satin-covered-shoulder-pads.shtml 2.4 The mechanism of shock absorb According to a research done by Zhou Jie (2010), when the human body collides with the ground, impact forces develop. With each foot strike during walking or running, the shock wave would transmitted throughout the body and ultimately reach the head. The shock attenuation is brought by the shock absorbers in the human body such as joint positioning, muscle activity, synovial fluid, bone, and articular cartilage. Any forces that are not absorbed by the lower extremity will be transmitted up to the kinetic chain, which gives a force to breast and makes breast move. The movement of breasts results in pressure to the body. The applied load was 1.25 times of the body weight while walking. Shoulder pad provides a cushion effect to the wearer and it acts as a protector to reduce the pressure transmitted to the shoulder. Once there are compression force stroke on the cushion, the cushion was compressed and stored part of the strain energy. The cushion would become stiffness and thinner (Kevin, 1999). The strain energy stored inside the cushion would then be converted into heat energy and dissipated by the air. When the compression load removed, the cushion would be recovered into its original shape called energy return (Pi, et al., 2008). Because of the dissipation of part of the impact energy, the wearer would then feel lesser resilient force from the ground and superior comfort of relieving the shoulder pain. 2.5 Definition and functions of elastics Elastic is an essential component of lingerie. It is a narrow fabric which does not exceed 18à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in width and it can be classified as woven or knitted. Elastics have been widely used in textiles as well as lingerie like the upper and lower band of wings, shoulder straps and the opening of the briefs. This is all because it can position the garment, support the garment as well as create a finished edge or hem (Yip, 2010). 2.6 Shoulder straps Shoulder strap is the essential part of the whole bra (Click n Click, 2010). It is one of the narrow elastics which functions to support and control the movement of the breasts. The breast weight could act as a large load on the straps and in turn, excessive pressure on the shoulder of the wearers (Zhou Jie, 2010). Therefore, to provide more comfort to the wearer, shinny surface with matt back are always the appearance of the shoulder straps (Yip, 2010). 2.6.1 Constructions of shoulder straps There are two basic constructions for shoulder strap which are woven and crochet (knitted) elastics. For woven straps, it is the narrow woven fabric having stretch properties consisting of monofilament nylon yarns woven together (Thompson and Bick Harlequin, 1952). They have smoother, finer and flatter surface as well as being more supportive than knitted elastics. For knitted straps, they are always produced by interloping which means forming yarns into loops and intermeshing the loops into a structure (LAMB Knitting Machine Corporation, 2010). And most of them are warp knitted. Knitted straps have higher elongation compared to the woven straps. Small gaps would appear when stretched. Also, it is much cheaper in price (Yip, 2010). There are several areas that must be taken into considerations during the fabric construction: 1. Details of materials Types of filaments, number of counts and ends used in both warp and weft direction are recorded in a basic unit of fabric cons truction. 2. Details of fabric construction The arrangement of picks and ends are clearly recorded in a data sheet, specifying which types of nylon filaments and spandex used. 3. Production requirements Details of number of reed, picks per unit length, elongation and shrinkage requirements are also needed to be laid down for reference. 2.6.2 Product types There are two types of bra straps in turns of woven and knitted. Woven bra straps are available in 8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 27mm. Plus size bra tends to use wider shoulder straps to help the distribution of force. It is more shinny and smoother on the surface to provide a better appearance and matt with brushes at the back to provide a comfort feeling to the wearer. There are a variety of surface pattern like stripes, zig zags, checks, plain satin effects and Jacquard. Different types of edge can be found in the market, for examples, plain, picots, loops, frills, double loops, etc. For knitted bra straps, matt and shinny appearance are available in the market. Surface patterns like loops and curves can be found on them. Picots, loops and double loops are the common edge of the knitted straps. Although the support is not as good as the woven bra straps, it is relatively cheaper and has more different kind of fashion styles (Yip, 2010). woven.jpg Figure 2.9 Woven shoulder straps knitted straps.jpg Figure 2.10 Knitted shoulder straps 2.6.3 Materials used in shoulder straps A variety of materials were used in the construction of shoulder straps such as nylon, polyester, spandex or Lycra and metallic yarn. 90% of shoulder straps use nylon as nylon can be dyed more easily with lower temperature compare to polyester. For spandex, it can be stretched for many times and recover to its original length after load is removed. It is due to its special arrangements of the molecular structure (Yip, 2010). The structure consists of long chain molecules that take on the conformation of large random coils. These long chain structures show soft and flexible properties at room temperature. When stretched, they will deform or uncoil and return back to its original dimension after removing the force (Woods, 1987). Spandex usually wrapped around by nylon or polyester yarn and forms elastic by weaving. Sometimes, metallic yarns are used to provide a more attractive and shinny appearance (Yip, 2010). 2.6.4 Stretch and recovery of shoulder straps Stretch or elongation, recovery and modulus are three main considerations during construction of elastics. Both of them play the important roles in determining the supportive and comfortable level of a shoulder strap (Yip, 2010). 1. Elongation Elongation, combines with strength, indicates the ability of a yarn of fabric to absorb energy. (John Sons, 1977) Elongation means the percentage extension at the specified load. When objects are put under stress, they will stretch before breaking. If the stress is not great enough to break the object, the deformation is usually temporary and the objects original shape will return when the stress is removed. Knowing how shoulder straps will elongate is critical for designing a bra for large breast women which can ensure that they do not elongate so much that they no longer have enough strength to withstand the forces while elongated (Mark Kennan, 1999). To measure this, the original length of the shoulder strap sample should be subtrac ted by the length of the strap which under specified load first. And then the result would be divided by the original length of the strap. Lastly, it is to multiply the result by 100%. The final result would be the elongation of the strap. Below is the equation of elongation. Length under specified load original length X 100% Original length 2. Recovery Recovery means the percentage of the elastic that can be recovered when the load is released. After a load is released from a stress-strain test, some of the total deformation is recovered as elastic deformation (Mark Kennan, 1999). The higher the percentage states that the better the recovery a strap has. It is also very important to shoulder straps as they should keep a certain recovery rate say 85 % even after using repeatedly. To measure this, the elongated length of the straps should minus the recovered length and the original gauge length respectively. And then the former would be divided by the latter one. Lastly, the result should be multiplied by 100%. The final result would be the recovery of the shoulder strap. Below is the equation of it. ___Elongated length (in.) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Recovered length ___ X100% Elongated length (in.) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Original gauge length 3. Modulus Modulus means the amount of load (in lbs) needed to extend the elastics to 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. In another words, it is the ratio of pressure (stress) applied to a body to the resistance (strain) produced by the body. The higher the modulus, the larger the amount of load has to applied to extend the straps (Yip, 2010). This is another important consideration for the construction of strap since the modulus should not be too low as straps should have certain stiffness to support the breasts weight. Elongation, recovery and modulus are three very vital checking points before the shipment of each batch of shoulder straps. Therefore, control of them should be extremely careful within the set tole rance. Besides, different cup size bras should match with different shoulder straps with different level of elongation, recovery and modulus because of the comfort and support level provided. 2.7 Physical properties of spandex fibre Property spandex Natural rubber Other synthetic fibres Elongation at break (%) 500-800 500-900 0-40 Tensile strength 6-12 2-4 30-70 (break tenacity, g/tex) Thickness available (tex) 2-60 17 upwards 2 upwards Stress at 200% elongation (g/tex) 0.4-1 0.15-0.3 N.A. Melting point ËÅ ¡C ca250 150 140-250 Moisture regain (% at 21ËÅ ¡C, 65%RH) cal.0 0.2 0.2-5.0 Table 2.1 Physical properties of spandex fibre From the table, it can be seen that, although the nature rubber also has a high value of elongation at break, it is not suitable for making elastic fabric because of its low tensile strength and high value of thickness (Randall and Lee, 2002). 2.8 Innovative design of shoulder straps 2.9 Design frameworks In the overall product life cycle, before the product manufacturing, product development is very important as many ideas generate and integrate to form new products. There are many different frameworks for product development and design, but not all of them provide the specific ideas for functional apparel. Only DeJonge (1984) and Watkin (1988) provide the specific ideas in this aspect (Chan, 2001). 2.9.1 DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model DeJonge (1984) proposed a process for the development of functional occupational clothing that places importance on identifying user needs and analyzing user situations through systematic exploration. The full process guides the designer step-by-step from initial request to prototype completion and evaluation (Table 2.2). DeJonge provide a systematic model on design research and this helps designers a lot to determine the design specifications. This model provides a clear division between the development of design specification and the establishment of design criteria. It can clearly list out the important issues that designers should consider during the whole design process(Chan, 2001). DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design stage Description 1. Initial request made Define design problem 2. Design direction explored Find design directions 3. Design goals defined Define the goals for research 4. Research for specification developed Develop in-depth research to find design factors 5. Design criteria established Ranking and weighting design criteria 6. Prototype development Develop the prototype for the design according to the criteria made in the previous stage 7. Prototype evaluation Evaluate the prototype Table 2.2 DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design process 2.9.2 Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s model Watkinsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ model (1988) adapts seven-step approach of design process that includes acceptance, analysis, definition, ideation, selection, implementation and evaluation. This model focuses more on the problem solving stages with a heavier weighting on the prototype implement part. Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s steps Descriptions 1. Acceptaance Get motivation and find reasons to devote time and effort to the design problem 2. Analysis Find out all aspects of design situation by learning and interviewing 3. Definition Determining the most essential elements by sifting through the mass of data and ideas collected in the previous stages 4. Ideation Generate ideas and creative things as many as possible 5. Selection Select the best idea 6. Implementation Take action and try out the best idea 7. Evaluation Analyzing what happened when action was taken Table 2.3 Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design process 2.9.3 Selection of design framework Although both Dejongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and Watkinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s models provide the specific ideas for development of functional apparel, the later one is more or less used for the teaching of design process (Chan, 2001). Among these frameworks, DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s functional design process is generally accepted by clothing and textile researchers to be a landmark for the development of the design processes. It has also been used to guide research into the development of garment design criteria and prototype. Examples of previous research that have used the full or adaptations of DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s basic design framework are clothing for women with physical disabilities (Carroll, 2001), intimate apparel designs for women (Chan, 2001) and hospital clothing for neonates (Bergen et al.,1996). For the above reasons, this study was conducted to design and develop a set of new product of shoulder strap based on DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s design framework. Details of the design process based on DeJongeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s framework are presented in Chapter 5. Current scientific knowledge and systematic design framework are necessary to guide scientific investigation of design and development of shoulder straps. 2.10 Summary and conclusion of literature review

Social Entrepreneurship - 1768 Words

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Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents and parents who don’t agree with school uniforms. They will immediately reject them because to them these uniforms restrict the student s’ freedom of expression. After picking this topic. I wanted to take the negative of it because I want to freely choose the clothes that I want to wear. I didn’t want someone to choose the clothes that I’m going to wear. After, a while of researching this topic, I decided to take the positive side of school uniforms. In fact, these uniforms will help students

Case study on Tata Motors International Strategy - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about The Tata Motors Case Study. Answer: Source Problems The business vertical chosen for the conducting the case study analysis Tata is Tata motors. The study will put emphasis on various issues and problems faced by Tata motors while adopting globalization as international strategy of expansion. Tata motors globally aims in maintaining the traditional value and the image of the brand in the target market. The diversification strategies along with the management strategies of the business division of Tata motors will be discussed in the study[1]. Apart from that, there are recruitment problems, maintenance of corporate social responsibility and upgrading of the standards of the company at global level. The main source problem lies in managing the tradition of Ratan Tata in the different business verticals of the conglomerate company. Tata Motors at global level is facing some issues in the organizational level. The role model of all the business verticals is the world famous culture of Ratan Tata[2]. Secondary Problems Secondary problems faced by Tata motors are categorized into short term and long-term categories. The problems discussed in this section will have an impact on the future regarding profitability of the business verticals. Short term Tata motors is facing an economic downturn due to the slowdown of economy not only in Indian market but also in other countries. The B and C category of cars are facing losses, as they are not selling at a first pace. There are many car companies such as Mahindra, Nissan, Skoda, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Honda, etc. that are selling the same categories of cars in the market[3]. In the section of commercial vehicles, Tata motors face tough competition from brands like Mercedes Benz, Volvo and Navistar. Long Term Tata motors is facing issues in entering into new markets. the main of the company is to achieve a substantial market share. The cost of manufacturing cars from the raw materials available in the foreign country is a challenging factor. The company is facing issues in maintaining a low cost of manufacturing of different models of cars in the foreign country[4]. Analysis The part of analysis includes the detailed analysis of the problems faced by the automobile section of the Tata conglomerate. The main problems of Tata motors includes in the expansion strategy along with the maintenance of operation of different processes of business in the foreign countries. It is seen that Tata motors faces huge cost in the manufacturing sites of different vehicles[5]. The company is lacking in finding proper supplier list in the target country. The core culture of Tata is focusing on the research and development department of its various divisions of business. Tata motors also emphasize on the development of new features on the vehicles manufactured by the company especially in the car section. SWOT analysis along with BCG matrix of the different products of Tata motors will also be described in the analysis section of the study[6]. Strengths: Strengths of Tata Motors include its strong brand image. The main market of Tata motors is its domestic market i.e. India. Customers of India along with other countries such as United States have a good knowledge of the ethics and culture followed by Tata motors in the company. Apart from that, the companys strong focus in the research and development department is considered as core strength[7]. Weaknesses: Apart from having much strength, there are many weaknesses that are prevalent in Tata motors, Recruitment of desired candidates in the strategic department is absent in the different branches of Tata motors. Formulating proper strategy related to globalization and internalization is not done properly as there are no competent managers that will take care of the international client relations of the company[8]. It also causes problems in the adoption of proper strategy of mergers and acquisitions with other foreign countries. Opportunities: Opportunities for Tata motors include immense opportunities in the foreign markets. The automobile industry worldwide is very competitive in nature. There are many countries where Tata has not entered their automobile business verticals. Tata has a worldwide reputation and has different scopes related to the operational and expansion strategies[9]. Threats: Threats of Tata motors refers to the increasing competition in the global markets. In Indian markets, many automobile companies are entering into the country for their increased sales. Lack of integration between the international strategies with the organizational goals is also considered as a threat to the organization. Ansoff Matrix of Tata motors Ansoff Matrix Analysis The Ansoff Matrix of the company describes about the position of different vehicles of Tata motors in different position of the matrix. It shows about the section of problems faced by the company in the global level along with the market share. Tata Motors can develop its new product in the new market[10]. Another problem of globalization of Tata motors is merger and acquisition. The company has done two mergers with Land Rover and Jaguar cars. The success of the merger depends on the proper implementation of the strategy regarding the internalization of the company. Internal problem is the reason of improper implementation of the strategies in the different internationalization policies. Sometimes the company chooses wrong entry modes to penetrate foreign markets. It leads to lower market share in the company. It is noticed that the market of Tata motors gradually falls in the international market due to technical bounces[11]. This is a short term in nature. Buy on stock is an issue that is hindering the company to earn its reputation and deserving market share in the target countries[12]. As per the BCG Matrix, the company has many products or vehicles that lead the company to earn huge profits. Many models of cars are not selling up to the expectation of the company. The sales prediction usually fails in many issues of strategic management and Criteria of Evaluation The evaluation of the Tata companies helped in accomplishing the goals. Vision and strategy of the company is accomplished through the four segments that will be discussed in the form of performance indicators. The performance indicators used for the evaluation of the strategies are as follows: Financial: Financial indicators include the main section of repaying the debt that Tata motors have lend from the bank. Reduction should be present in the debt level that is mentioned in the balance sheet. It should be performed within five years. Customer: With the development of the new car segments, Tata motors will be able to target new segments of customers in the newly penetrated foreign markets. The company should make a projection of the future sales that are targeted based on the target customers. International Business Processes: Development in the small car segment for higher income segments. Within the coming years, the availability of the product and the improvement of sales in the various segments of cars at tomorrow. Learning and growth: The vision, mission and the goals for improving the internalization strategies along with some internal operational problems are considered under the learning and growth of the employees and company as a whole[13]. Alternatives The major feasible actions are categorized under short term and long-term categories. These alternatives can be used if the recommended strategies are not working properly in the practical field. Short term Various types of trainings and developmental programs are formed for the present employees of Tata motors so that they can manage the operations of the company. Cross-cultural communication is practiced so that these managers can communicate with the other managers that are located in the foreign locations. It will help in cracking the deals of Tata automobiles with other companies. It is an alternative method that Tata motors can use instead of recruitment and selection of new candidates from the countries as it is a time and cost incurring method. Long term Long term strategies includes the proper selection of entry modes while capturing a market share in a foreign countries. The company can also think other strategies that will motivate the research and development department of the company to develop several approach and strategies both for developing models in commercial vehicles and small cars for middle-income group people. In the developing countries, there are many people that belong to middle-income group. They are considered as huge segments of target customers for the company[14]. Recommended Strategy Short term The recruitment policies of the company must be changed or modified as per the current trends of the market. Employees will shift to other companies if they found competitive advantage in the required designation. However, Tata has many advantages in the schemes of HR policies. However, there are lack of people that are actually eligible in the designations that are involved in the internalization. Organizational culture is not followed properly in many verticals of Tata automobiles. The senior management should focus on this issue particularly to cope up the gap created by the officials of the organization. Long term Tata motors have to formulate sustainable strategies related to the manufacturing sites that are present in foreign location. It should also focus on formulating strategies that controls the cost of production of the cars in the manufacturing sites of the company. Research and development department should find some new features and systems that attract the customers compared to other products of the market[15]. Focusing on higher price segment cars in developed countries of North American and Europe will lead to profitability and increase in the market share. Selection of proper entry mode while penetrating a new target market is essential for maintaining market share in the global automobile market. Justification of Recommendations The recommendations that are suggested in the previous paragraphs for the short term and long-term categories are justified. There are many strategies Tata can implement to mitigate the strategic issues in the field of globalization and internalization. However, the above-recommended strategies are the best methods of solution provided to the company. Recruitment of the deserving candidates by implementing improved methods is the best solution that can easily handle the organizational problems[16]. Employee benefits are also introduced for the new recruited employees to motivate them in their field of work. Development of cars for the high-income segment in the foreign countries is a good example of long-term strategy that will help in gaining a significant market share in the global automobile market. Innovation in the field of the research and development is an example of development of new products in the market. Various policies of management should be introduced in the organizat ional level and its impact on other operational process of the company is essential for the long-term success. Short-term policies are involved in the change of the environment and process of operations in the manufacturing facilities of Tata motors at different foreign locations. Implementation, Control and Follow-up Creating recommendations for the company is not the only task to be commenced. It is important for the mangers of the company to check whether the recommended strategies are properly implemented in the company or not. The management team of the company in different branches must control implementation of the recommended approaches. A centralized approach should be followed in the management of the organization. Control of the new strategies helps in mitigating the effect of these approaches in the respective divisions of the company. Follow up of the approaches is a crucial thing that is used by the middle level management for checking the degree of implementation. A team should be framed in every branch of Tata motors so that they are responsible for creating a report on the working procedures of the new strategies formulated for the Tata motors. Various departments of the implemented approaches must communicate with the head present in the branches of the office. References Agarwal, Ritu, and Peter Weill. "The benefits of combining data with empathy."MIT Sloan Management Review54, no. 1 (2012): 35. Banerjee, Bhabatosh. "Working Capital Management in Tata Motors Ltd."The MA Journal51, no. 5 (2016): 84-87. Becker-Ritterspach, Florian, and Gert Bruche. "Capability creation and internationalization with business group embeddednessthe case of Tata Motors in passenger cars."European Management Journal30, no. 3 (2012): 232-247. Bhardwaj, Garima, and Sumit Agarwal. "Business ethics and corporate social responsibility at tata group."International Journal in Management Social Science2, no. 9 (2014): 37-47. Farooque, Asma. "An empirical study on identifying developing the training program for problem solvingTata Motors Ltd, Lucknow."ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research5, no. 11 (2015): 30-39. Grant, Robert M.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Kamley, Sachin, Shailesh Jaloree, and R. S. Thakur. "Long Term and Short Term Investment Strategy for Predicting the Performance of BSE using MLP Model."Indian Journal of Science and Technology8, no. 22 (2015). Khosla, Rekha. "Knowledge Transfer Mechnasims: A Study of Tata Motors."Review of Knowledge Management3, no. 1/2 (2013): 23. Lim, Chaisung, Seokhee Han, and Hiroshi Ito. "Capability building through innovation for unserved lower end mega markets."Technovation33, no. 12 (2013): 391-404. Maya, G., and Uma Rani. "PERMANENT PROBLEMS OF TEMPORARY WORKERS IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY."International Journal of Logistics Supply Chain Management Perspectives2, no. 4 (2013): 679. Mullick, N. H., and Gaurav Tripathi. "FIAT: a good product with a wrong strategy."Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies3, no. 1 (2013): 1-13. Perwez, Syed Khalid, Abdul Khalique, H. Ramaseshan, and T. N. V. R. Swamy. "The Link between Salary and Psychiatric Problems among the Industrial Workers."Asian Social Science10, no. 7 (2014): 87. Perwez, Syed Khalid, Abdul Khalique, H. Ramaseshan, TNV R. Swamy, and Mohammed Mansoor. "Nature of Job and Psychiatric Problems: The Experiences of Industrial Workers."Global journal of health science7, no. 1 (2015): 288. Trivedi, Lisa. "David Arnold. Everyday Technology: Machines and the Making of India's Modernity."The American Historical Review119, no. 5 (2014): 1667-1668. Verma, S. S. "Latest developments of a compressed air vehicle: A status report."Global Journal of Research In Engineering13, no. 1 (2013). Williams, Timothy, and Nicholas S. Vonortas. "Strategic Alliances/Knowledge-Intensive Partnerships." InInnovation Policy, pp. 47-63. Springer New York, 2015.

Changing Conceptions in Educational Problems

Question: Discuss about the Changing Conceptions in Educational Problems. Answer: Introduction According to Tuckman Harper (2012), educational research tries to solve the queries that specifically deal with educational problems. For example, if the topic is influence of Victorian era in the English poetry and one is facing difficulties in making out the Victorian style of English language writing, the research work would include gathering of the following data: To what extent it is different from the other genres of writing How much the society, culture, economy and politics exercise its influence on the development of the specific writing style What were the socio-cultural-economic and political background of the poets What were the new elements that were added to the writing style of the poetry? It will include the advent of any new trend in poetry. Duncheon Tierney (2013) described that the objective of research is nothing but enhancing the educational process through problem solving. However, Lysenko et al (2014) made an interesting point in this context. Lysenko et al (2014) opined that the activity involved in educational research develops in educational situations a systematic and scientific behavior. It is only through research that an educator can achieve his desired objectives. Discussion For a better understanding of the whole concept, two articles related to educational research will be discussed. The article by Marsh Seaton (2013) has described the types of educational research. The various types of educational research are the various methods through which educational research is conducted. The article has outlined multiple issues related to educational research. Educational research encompasses a broad area of study including philosophy, psychology, sociology and many more. Such a vast range is the reason behind the overlapping in disciplines from which one has to decide the specific methodology for a specific topic. Again, the outcomes of the study should be interpreted within the context of the specific area of study. Any conflict and overlapping cannot be determined as a researched outcome. This article has pointed out the various research methodologies. These are as following: Qualitative research Quantitative research Mixed research These methodologies are sub-divided into multiple types, which are followed by an educational researcher. Qualitative research methodology is an inductive process that involves the analysis of non-countable data. Qualitative research tries to find out the themes, patterns, and holistic features of a study. A common qualitative research includes the content analysis, observations of narrative or comments, focus groups, surveys and interviews. Based on the various components one can sub-divide the types into the following: Case Study Narrative Research Historical Research Ethnographic Phenomenological Research If the researcher develops his research outcomes after analyzing any case study of an incident, analyzes historical events or facts that are discussed in history, and gather information by taking interviews, he has used the Qualitative method. Another process is Quantitative method, which considers the numerical data to analyze statistical relations. Types of Quantitative research include the following: Descriptive survey research Experimental research Single-Subject research Casual-Comparative research Correlational research Meta-analysis The surveys conducted in Quantitative research are closed-ended, whereas in the Qualitative research, it is open-ended in which, the researcher directs his objectives towards the subjects of the research. However, research methodology can involve both the qualitative and the quantitative data. This methodology is known as Mixed Research. Both the types are included into the different phases of the procedure. Such an approach of research methodology is a new school of thought that emphasizes the importance of scientific method in an educational research. In the field of social research, this approach is termed as Triangulation. This article has analyzed the two types of mixed methodology. These are the following: Action Research: a research to solve an immediate problem by a group of people for improving the research method Program Evaluation: A systematic research method that collects, analyzes, and answer questions about projects and policies The next article to be discussed is written by McKenney Reeves (2012) has highlighted the various characteristics of educational research. They have focused on the discussion done by Gary Anderson. He has outlined ten aspects found in educational research. These are the following: It attempts to solve a problem It gathers primary and secondary data It is based on empirical evidence or observable experience Research should involve accuracy in observation and analysis It should have carefully designed structure It demands the expertise in the technical skill, methodology; it tries to solve a problem It stresses on principles of theories, development of generalizations leading to understanding and control of the subject Research aims at finding an objective and achieves an unbiased solution It is a deliberate and slow activity, which has a direction. However, it often refines the problem during the progression of the research Research should be recorded and reported properly This article also focused on the two main approaches on the educational research. There is a basic approach and an academic research approach. Whereas, the basic approach stresses on the search for the truth, the second approach refers to the direct application of the information. Conclusion The two articles discussed in the essay have elaborated various aspects of educational research. However, it is a broad area of study and researchers have tried to analyze multiple methods through which the researcher conducts his research. An effective research should involve a systematic approach; otherwise, the research outcomes will not be satisfactory. An educational research is an important element for enrichment of the academic study. However, a wrong approach and hurried method increases the level of inaccuracy. References Duncheon, J. C., Tierney, W. G. (2013). Changing conceptions of time implications for educational research and practice. Review of educational research, 0034654313478492. Lawson, M. A., Lawson, H. A. (2013). New conceptual frameworks for student engagement research, policy, and practice. Review of Educational Research, 0034654313480891. Lysenko, L. V., Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Dagenais, C., Janosz, M. (2014). Educational research in educational practice: predictors of use. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'ducation, 37(2), 1-26. Marsh, H. W., Seaton, M. A. R. J. O. R. I. E. (2013). Academic self-concept.International guide to student achievement, 62-63. Tuckman, B. W., Harper, B. E. (2012). Conducting educational research. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Marsh, H. W., Seaton, M. A. R. J. O. R. I. E. (2013). Academic self-concept.International guide to student achievement, 62-63. McKenney, S., Reeves, T. C. (2012). Conducting educational design research.

Secondary Essay Tip: Having Fun While Doing Good

Secondary Essay Tip: Having Fun While Doing GoodIf you're thinking about an academic year that involves an 'activities' day, or a time off from the classroom to do something exciting with your free time, consider the following secondary essay tip: an on-site trail! Something you could do as part of a normal school year, but when it comes to student activism, a lot can happen in a short amount of time, so plan on having a blast!An on-site trail is the ideal thing for you to do during a gap year. It helps you to do something interesting, yet fun, that won't bore or distract you from what you need to be doing in class. Instead, it'll be a way to get an opportunity to share your passions and interests, while being recognized as a leader for your school and community.In other words, an on-site trail is the perfect secondary essay tip for you to get involved in. As a student who's planning a gap year, or who already has, don't miss out on this wonderful opportunity! Read on and learn more about how to have the most awesome activity of your life...and make the most of it!An activity will allow you to do something completely different from the rest of your classmates. A gap year is a unique opportunity for students to experience some form of downtime, either because it's summer break or because they just want to spend some down time at home with their family. Students will be forced to decide what they need to do, how they're going to do it, and when they're going to do it. You, as the leader of your school, can put together activities that fit into these parameters, or that are completely unique and your own. Whether you're planning a multi-day hike through the mountains or participating in a fashion show at the local mall, you can plan activities that keep you busy and help you to feel like you're living in your own world. What would an on-site trail be like? Consider this hypothetical example: imagine your school having a spectacular slide show of all the top videos of the year. The next day, you wake up feeling inspired and can't wait to start practicing your stage dance moves.An on-site trail could involve anything. Perhaps you and a group of friends could shop for cheap antiques, tour some local historical sites, or take a bike ride through the countryside. An activity can bring the school together as a whole, and help students find that spark they had when they first learned about their school. Not only is it going to give them something to do to help them feel more connected to the rest of the school, but it's also going to build a lasting connection with their peers - in the best possible way!An on-site trail is the perfect secondary essay tip for students who need to get outside and experience something new! It doesn't matter if you're planning an extended academic year, or you've just decided to take a break for one semester; as a leader, you have the opportunity to offer these students the same experiences you know about! Make your gr oup of friends realize that gap years are a unique time in their lives, and that you can give them the same things you did as a student.