Anne Truitt, Sculptor of Minimalist Form and Color

Anne Truitt was an American artist and writer, known for her work as a minimalist sculptor and, to a lesser extent, painter. She is perhaps most widely regarded for Daybook, a volume of the artist’s diaries, reflecting on the life of an artist and mother. Fast Facts: Anne Truitt Occupation: Artist and writerBorn: March 16, 1921 in Baltimore, MarylandDied: December 23, 2004 in Washington, DC, USAKey Accomplishments: Early contributions to minimalist sculpture and the publication of Daybook, which reflected on her life as both artist and mother Early Life Anne Truitt was born Anne Dean in Baltimore in 1921 and grew up in the town of Easton, on the Eastern shore of Maryland. The stark coastal style—rectangles of colored doors against white clapboard facades—influenced her later work as a minimalist. Her family life was comfortable, as her parents were well-to-do (her mother came from a family of Boston ship owners). She lived happily and freely as a child, though she was not unaffected by the poverty of which she caught glimpses in her town. Later in life, she would inherit a modest sum of money from her family, which financed her art practice—though not so much as to keep finances from being a constant worry for the artist. Truitt’s mother, to whom she was very close, died while Truitt was still in her twenties. Her father suffered from alcoholism, and though she pitied him, she wrote that she â€Å"decided† to love him despite his faults. This strength of will is characteristic of the artist and is seen in her staunch determination to continue in her work, even at times when her money dwindled and her pieces did not sell. After her first year at Bryn Mawr College, Truitt came down with a case of appendicitis, which her doctors handled poorly. The result, Truitt was told, was infertility. Though this prognosis ultimately proved to be false, and Truitt was able to have three children later in life, she attributes her career as an artist to this temporary sterility, largely because her focus was on her art at the time in her life when most women were expected to raise children. Early Career in Medicine After returning to Bryn Mawr to finish her undergraduate degree, Truitt decided to begin a career in psychiatric medicine. She felt a duty to help those who struggled in their lives. Though she was admitted to Yale to begin a Master’s in psychology, she turned down her scholarship and instead began work as a researcher at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Already successful by the age of twenty-four, Truitt had a revelation one afternoon and immediately quit her position. She turned her back on a career in medicine, recounting later that something within her knew she had to be an artist. An Artist's Calling Anne married James Truitt, a journalist, in 1948. The two traveled often, following James work. While living in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Truitt began to take art classes, and excelled in sculpture. When the couple moved to Washington, D.C., Truitt continued her art practice by enrolling in classes at the Institute of Contemporary Art. On a trip to New York in 1961 with her good friend Mary Meyer, Truitt visited the â€Å"American Abstractionists and Imagists† show at the Guggenheim. The experience would ultimately change her career. As she was rounding one of the museum’s famed curved ramps, she came upon a Barnett Newman â€Å"zip† painting and was stunned by its size. â€Å"I had never realized you could do that in art. Have enough space. Enough color, she later wrote. The visit to New York marked a change in her practice, as she transitioned into sculpture which relied on pared-down painted wooden surfaces to convey their subtle impact. The family moved to Japan in 1964, where they stayed for 3 years. Truitt never felt comfortable in Japan, and ended up destroying all her work from this period. Anne Truitts column sculptures.   annetruitt.org The Truitts divorced in 1969. After the divorce, Truitt lived in Washington, D.C. for the remainder of her life. Her separation from the art world of New York perhaps accounts for her lack of critical acclaim compared to her minimalist contemporaries, but that is not to say she existed outside of New York completely. She befriended artist Kenneth Noland and later took over his studio near Dupont Circle when he moved to New York. Through Noland, Truitt was introduced to Andrà © Emmerich, Noland’s New York gallerist, who eventually became Truitt’s gallerist. Work Truitt is known for her stark minimalist sculptures set directly on the floor of the gallery space, which mimic in verticality and proportion the shape of a human body. Unlike many of her fellow minimalist artists like Walter de Maria and Robert Morris, she did not shy away from color, but in fact made it the central point of interest in her work. The subtlety of color is applied precisely to the sculptures, often painstakingly and in as many as forty layers. Truitt was also notable in her studio practice, as she sanded, prepped, and painted each of her works without the help of a studio assistant. The structures themselves she sent out to a lumber yard close to her home to be made to her specifications. Daybook and Diaries Following retrospectives at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York in 1973 and the Corcoran Museum of Art in Washington, D.C. in 1974, Truitt began to write a diary, seeking to make sense of the increased publicity her previously quietly shown art began to receive. How was she to understand herself as an artist now that her work was consumed and criticized by so many eyes other than her own? The result was Daybook, later published in 1982, which begins as an exploration of this newfound critical regard for her work, but ends up being an exploration of an artist’s day-to-day, as she struggles to find the money to continue her practice, all the while supporting her children. Due to Daybook’s critical success, Truitt would publish two more volumes of diaries. The language of the diaries is often poetic with frequent forays into Truitt’s past. Though she gave up a career in psychology, it is clearly still present in her thinking, as her analysis of her life and career relies heavily on the interpretation of her psychological motivations and the impact of her youth on her personality. Legacy Anne Truitt died in Washington, D.C. in 2004 at the age of 83. She was honored posthumously by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington in 2009 with a major retrospective. Her estate is managed by her daughter Alexandra Truitt, and her work is represented by Matthew Marks Gallery in New York City. Sources Munro, E. (2000). Originals: American Women Artists. New York: Da Capo Press.Truitt, A. (1982). Daybook. New York, Scribner.

DBQ American Pageant #3 Essays - 652 Words

August 13th, 2013 A.P. U.S. History DBQ The American Revolution By the 1750s, the American colonies had come a long way from their original struggles and failures. They had grown in both population and economic stability. Even so, relations between the colonies and Great Britain were strained. The colonists became more and more discontented with England’s control of their political and economic affairs. The colonies were dissatisfied with the rules of British Mercantilism, or the idea that the colonies were a mere source of raw materials and market for the British mainland. This animosity for the motherland had then been seeded by the lack of economic freedom and the harsh taxes that had been set on everyday luxuries and necessities;†¦show more content†¦The colonies, however risked being punished for the â€Å"contraband trade† due to its desire for rare specie1 . The colonists edged closer and closer to a turning point. Several colonists still insisted on finding a peaceful resolution and remaining under Great Britain’s control. The majority, however were dissatisfied with Britain’s abusive treatment of colonists. Colonists demanded the same rights that all British-born persons were entitled to by the common law of England. . Tensions between Parliament and the colonies reached a point of no return. Great Britain sought out to stop all rebellion attempts from the colonies by mobilizing its troops. In response, colonists formed militias to protect colonists’ rights. As independence and the forming of a new, separate nation were imminent, Great Britain performed its utmost to keep the colonies under control whereas colonists were prepared to do whatever it took, including violence, to get the freedom they so wanted. . Great Britain greatly benefitted from the taxes it enforced on goods in the colonies. It saw these colonies as a source of revenue; that is why it attempted so hard to keep it under its jurisdiction and control. By prohibiting all other trade with foreign countries and restricting the import of goods, Great Britain ensured that it would make maximum profit out of its North American colonies. The conflicts began in the economic

Evaluation of the Issues Related to Negotiation and Bargain at Workpla

Question: Evaluate the issues related to negotiation and bargain at workplace. Answer: Introduction Bargaining and negotiation has become one of the popular concepts in the context of industrial structure around the world. But in this context it has been prominently emerged that along with the term bargaining and negotiation there lies some issues that are being encircled within the organizational culture (Bendersky, 2015). This study intends to critically evaluate and discuss the reasons behind negotiation and bargain at work place along with its impacts on the HR management and employee relation in the context of the given report. Here, in this study the facts related to the significance and exhibition of negotiation at work place has also been critically evaluated. The researcher has also discussed the relevant solution to such issues along with new way of implementing such way outs (Timo, 2005). Hence, some recommendations have been provided in order to deal with the emerging issues that generate large practices of negotiation and bargaining at work places with special referenc e to Australian domain. Evaluation of the issues related to negotiation and bargain The concept of collective bargaining can be defined in terms of a process in which two parties at a workplace forms a contract that represents a specific relationship between the employer-employee and the union. In other sense the concept of negotiation can be seen as a contract that allows the employer and employee to set deals regarding salary, working hours and working conditions. But these kinds of contracts can generate issues that create the situation in which, negotiation or bargaining can take a diverse form. In the context of the given report it has been observed that the issue that has generated the scope for negotiation and bargain in the workplace for the public sector employees against the unacceptable working condition that are being controlled by the government of Australia (Fairwork.gov.au. 2016). The reason behind the emergence of negotiation can be detected through the increased possibilities of unhealthy working circumstances instead of low pay grade. As a result t he workers tend to go on industrial strike demanding to increase the amount of weekly pay. But on the other hand the significance of such contracts can be realised as it allows both the workers union and the business entities to set conditions on the payment scales and other development regarding the workplace environment. According to the research results of ACTU and CPSU the current remuneration that the workers in Australia are receiving is not enough to satisfy the need, instead of that the government should increase the amount of payment as per hour and per4 week. The main cause that these issues have arisen is the unacceptable working condition in the public sectors of the worker and the discontent acceptance of the low pay grade (Silva, 2001). The concept of negotiation or forming organizational contract have exercised great impacts at the workplace environment as workers are getting influenced and the rage against government are about to burst out as it has been nurtured among the unsatisfied worker for a long time. Hence the impacts of bargaining or negotiation ca n be noticed on the management of employee relation as workplace issues have been one of the most popular debates in Australia. To conclude this point and to assert the implication of ER management it can be depicted that by forming such contracts organizations or the government can restore the lost faith of the workers generating fruitful bargaining in relation to employee relation management (Farmakis-gamboni and Prentice, 2011). Recommendations regarding the issues The issues that have been identified in this particular study demand few recommendations in order to be able to face such situation with sheer efficiency. In relation to generate negotiation and bargain it can be said that there are many ways in which the government can handle such issues with workers in Australia. The suggestion has been made from an industrial perspective that what should be done in the context of dealing with such issues. The reason that gave birth to the issues related is the unethical working environment in the public sectors and the government are delaying in concentrating on the payrolls of the workers. Here the from a macro perspective it can be realised that the present working conditions in relation to engagement of individuals in jobs are poor in Australia (Goldberg, 2015). In such cases the government should be aware of the fact that the wage in current payment level would not pose any threat to youth employment. In this regard the good faith in negotiation can appear as beneficial in relation to employee relationship management. In order to deal with such issues in the organizations the authority could use the benefits of good faith negotiation that allows the employers and employee to focus on the facts related to service delivery, client satisfaction and increased production target and reduction of material waste which could only be possible by effective practices of negotiation between two parties in the industrial structure (Montagne, 2002). From another point of view it can be said that the employees must possess recorded inflation as according to the report most of the public sector employees are not registered in terms if increased inflation in the payrolls. Hence, it can be suggested that effective negotiation can be generated in order to redu ce the possibilities of employee strike and new schemes related to the enhancement of weekly payment should be introduced in the public sectors (Macdonald, 2000). Conclusion To conclude this study it can be asserted that while workplace changes were taking its place in the industrial scenario in Australia, the employee relationship has encouraged the individualised forms of employment relation. Thus, the impacts of negotiation or bargain in respect of employee relation have emerged with all its potentialities in this context. There have many issues related to the implementation of negotiation as it has been considered as a form of contract between the workers and the employers. But in this regard recommendations have been made in order to make this report valid for the future researches. Therefore, changes and innovation at the workplace will need in future a similar strong contract based agreement that will interest both the parties to invest their talent for the sake of organizational success. References Bendersky, C. (2015). Appreciation for the Interdependent Elements ofA Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiationsin the Workplace Context.Negotiation Journal, 31(4), pp.429-430. Fairwork.gov.au. (2016).Improving workplace productivity through bargaining - Best practice guides - Fair Work Ombudsman. FARMAKIS-GAMBONI, S. and PRENTICE, D. (2011). When Does Reducing Union Bargaining Power Increase Productivity? Evidence from the Workplace Relations Act*.Economic Record, 87(279), pp.603-616. Goldberg, S. (2015). Mediation in the Workplace: An Alternate Route to Attitudinal Restructuring of the Union-Management Relationship.Negotiation Journal, 31(4), pp.415-417. Macdonald, D. (2000). INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION: CHALLENGES FOR EMPLOYERS AND THEIR ORGANIZATIONS.INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION ACT/EMP PUBLICATIONS. Montagne, C. (2002). Bargaining Health Benefits in the Workplace: An Inside View.Milbank Quarterly, 80(3), pp.547-567. Silva, S. (2001). COLLECTIVE BARGAINING NEGOTIATIONS.INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION ACT/EMP PUBLICATIONS. Timo, N. (2005). Future directions for workplace bargaining and aged care under a post 2005Howard government.Aust. Health Review, 29(3), p.274.

To Kill A Mocking Bird Essays (947 words) - To Kill A Mockingbird

To Kill A Mocking Bird To Kill A Mocking Bird ? To Kill A Mockingbird Classic, a term one uses to describe many things, such as a defining moment or an object such as a book. When used in this context, such as describing a book, it persuades the reader to examine the novel further to discover what makes this piece of literature so memorable to people who have read it. One such novel is Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird. One may describe this novel as a classic because the messages described in the novel can be perceived on so many different levels that any reader, no matter the level, can observe these messages. The prime messages observed in this novel is that of racism, how the actions of a community, not just a parent, can affect a child, and how rumors and invalidated facts can destroy anyone's reputation. Racism is mentioned throughout the second part of the novel. It is the prime and most mentioned part of this section of the novel. This message is displayed on many levels so even the lowest level reader can visibly ask o neself why this is occurring. The easiest way to observe this may be the town's actions toward Tom Robinson, the negro on trial. The townspeople, for the most part, dismissed the entire trial on the basis on that it does not matter what Atticus can do, Mr. Robinson is automatically guilty. This message can also be seen in a severely symbolic manner, Tom Robinson's death. The manner in which he dies is that he escapes and attempts to climb the fence to freedom, however he only has one good arm and that is his detriment. It slows him up enough to allow the police to shoot him numerous times. Symbolically this can be viewed as a glimmer of hope to end this suppression. As this glimmer of hope is about to reach the mainstream and acceptance that racism is evil, it is shot down and dead, thus ending the opportunity. Mr. Robinson got into this position by the jury giving in a guilty verdict, despite numerous evidence to the contrary. The jury gave a racist verdict, showing Harper Lee's op inion of the evil a racist society can do to a minority. This verdict had repercussions not just to Mr. Robinson, but to the community. One can observe that this verdict influenced the town in a manner no one expected, it twisted the minds of many children. A popular saying is that the best laid plans of mice and men often go astray, this is what began to happen to the children of the town, best viewed when observing the Finch children. Despite Atticus' plans to raise children who do not have this type of hate within them, they have these feelings due to some community actions, Atticus' plan going astray. A prime example is Scout's answer to the question of the manner in which the prosecuting attorney addressed Mr. Robinson during his cross examination. Her answer was that he could do that because ...he's just a negro.(p. 199) This issue is not just the white community pressing an idea into someone's head. It can also happen in the black community. When Atticus Finch asks Calpurnia, his housekeeper, to watch his children for him while he is out, Calpurnia accepts and takes the children with her to church, a black church. When she arrives with the children they are all greeted with hospitality except for a few people. These people use the same argument as in the last example as to why they should not be there, because they are white. What both races have done is shun the other race, now what happens if a child is born with blood from both races. What happens is an isolated race that is exiled from both races because that child has blood from the other race. This evil act can be seen in the novel. The county practically exiles the children of Dolphus Raymond and his black spouse. It is done to the point that these children are forced to live in the non-racist north where they would not be looked down on as genetic